Sukhikh Stanislav, Babich Olga, Prosekov Alexander, Kalashnikova Olga, Noskova Svetlana, Bakhtiyarova Alina, Krol Olesia, Tsvetkova Elena, Ivanova Svetlana
Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia.
Laboratory of Biocatalysis, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia.
Metabolites. 2023 Apr 3;13(4):513. doi: 10.3390/metabo13040513.
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is one of the major medical problems that the modern world is currently facing. Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus both result in early disability and death, as well as serious social and financial problems. In some cases, synthetic drugs can be quite effective in the treatment of diabetes, though they have side effects. Plant-derived pharmacological substances are of particular interest. This review aims to study the antidiabetic properties of secondary plant metabolites. Existing review and research articles on the investigation of the antidiabetic properties of secondary plant metabolites, the methods of their isolation, and their use in diabetes mellitus, as well as separate articles that confirm the relevance of the topic and expand the understanding of the properties and mechanisms of action of plant metabolites, were analyzed for this review. The structure and properties of plants used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, including plant antioxidants, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and insulin-like plant substances, as well as their antidiabetic properties and mechanisms for lowering blood sugar, are presented. The main advantages and disadvantages of using phytocomponents to treat diabetes are outlined. The types of complications of diabetes mellitus and the effects of medicinal plants and their phytocomponents on them are described. The effects of phytopreparations used to treat diabetes mellitus on the human gut microbiota are discussed. Plants with a general tonic effect, plants containing insulin-like substances, plants-purifiers, and plants rich in vitamins, organic acids, etc. have been shown to play an important role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the prevention of its complications.
糖尿病的患病率是现代世界当前面临的主要医学问题之一。1型和2型糖尿病都会导致早期残疾和死亡，以及严重的社会和经济问题。在某些情况下，合成药物在糖尿病治疗中可能相当有效，尽管它们有副作用。植物来源的药理物质尤其令人关注。本综述旨在研究植物次生代谢产物的抗糖尿病特性。为本次综述分析了现有的关于植物次生代谢产物抗糖尿病特性的综述和研究文章、其分离方法及其在糖尿病中的应用，以及证实该主题相关性并扩展对植物代谢产物特性和作用机制理解的单独文章。介绍了用于治疗糖尿病的植物的结构和特性，包括植物抗氧化剂、多糖、生物碱和胰岛素样植物物质，以及它们的抗糖尿病特性和降低血糖的机制。概述了使用植物成分治疗糖尿病的主要优缺点。描述了糖尿病的并发症类型以及药用植物及其植物成分对其的影响。讨论了用于治疗糖尿病的植物制剂对人体肠道微生物群的影响。具有一般滋补作用的植物、含有胰岛素样物质的植物、净化植物以及富含维生素、有机酸等的植物已被证明在2型糖尿病的治疗及其并发症的预防中发挥重要作用。
