Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Adolescent Health Research Unit, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Autism. 2020 Jan;24(1):7-25. doi: 10.1177/1362361319841739. Epub 2019 May 9.
Empowering families of children with autism spectrum disorder through education and training is best practice. A wide range of Parent Education and Training programmes are delivered around the globe, but there is limited knowledge about the characteristics of these programmes, or about the research methods and outcomes used to evaluate them, particularly in countries outside the United States. We, therefore, performed a scoping review of all peer-reviewed Parent Education and Training publications outside the United States. A search was conducted between March and May 2017. Four reviewers extracted data and performed a mixed-methods quality appraisal of publications. Thirty-seven publications representing 32 unique programmes were identified. Publications described a highly diverse range of Parent Education and Training programmes across 20 countries and all continents except South America. The majority were group-based, but varied significantly in goals, modalities and duration. The majority of studies (86.4%) reported positive outcomes in relation to the core study objectives and only two studies reported some negative findings. Quality appraisal rated only 27% of studies to have met all the methodological quality criteria. Implementation factors such as manualisation, fidelity and cost were commented on infrequently. In spite of the clear need for Parent Education and Training programmes, our findings show that the research evidence-base in autism spectrum disorder outside the United States is relatively small, non-representative and in need of methodological quality improvements.
通过教育和培训来增强自闭症谱系障碍儿童的家庭能力是最佳实践。全球范围内提供了广泛的家长教育和培训计划，但对于这些计划的特点，或者用于评估它们的研究方法和结果，了解有限，特别是在美国以外的国家。因此，我们对美国以外的所有同行评审的家长教育和培训出版物进行了范围审查。搜索于 2017 年 3 月至 5 月之间进行。四名审查员提取数据并对出版物进行了混合方法质量评估。确定了 37 篇出版物，代表 32 个独特的计划。出版物描述了跨越 20 个国家和除南美洲以外所有大陆的高度多样化的家长教育和培训计划。大多数是基于小组的，但在目标、方式和持续时间上差异很大。大多数研究（86.4%）报告了与核心研究目标相关的积极结果，只有两项研究报告了一些负面发现。质量评估仅将 27%的研究评为符合所有方法学质量标准。实施因素，如手册化、保真度和成本，很少被评论。尽管明显需要家长教育和培训计划，但我们的研究结果表明，美国以外的自闭症谱系障碍的研究证据基础相对较小、非代表性，并且需要提高方法学质量。
