Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors , University of Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg , Germany.
Chem Rev. 2019 Jul 10;119(13):7996-8027. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00719. Epub 2019 May 9.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a megatrend that cuts across all scientific and engineering disciplines and establishes an integrating technical evolution to improve production efficiencies and daily human life. Linked machines and sensors use decision-making routines to work toward a common product or solution. Expanding this technical revolution into the value chain of complex areas such as agriculture, food production, and healthcare requires the implementation and connection of sophisticated (bio)analytical methods. Today, wearable sensors, monitors, and point-of-care diagnostic tests are part of our daily lives and improve patients' medical progression or athletes' monitoring capabilities that are already beyond imagination. Also, early contributions toward sensor networks and finally the IT revolution with wireless data collection and transmission via Bluetooth or smartphones have set the foundation to connect remote sensors and distributed analytical chemical services with centralized laboratories, cloud storage, and cloud computing. Here, we critically review those biosensor and chemosensor technologies and concepts used in an IoT setting or considered IoT-ready that were published in the period 2013-2018, while also pointing to those foundational concepts and ideas that arose over the last two decades. We focus on these sensors due to their unique ability to be remotely stationed and that easily function in networks and have made the greatest progress toward IoT integration. Finally, we highlight requirements and existing and future challenges and provide possible solutions important toward the vision of a seamless integration into a global analytical concept, which includes many more analytical techniques than sensors and includes foremost next-generation sequencing and separation principles coupled with MS detection.
物联网 (IoT) 是一个跨越所有科学和工程学科的大趋势，它建立了一种集成的技术演进，以提高生产效率和改善日常生活。连接的机器和传感器使用决策程序来共同实现产品或解决方案。将这一技术革命扩展到农业、食品生产和医疗保健等复杂领域的价值链，需要实施和连接复杂的（生物）分析方法。如今，可穿戴传感器、监测器和即时诊断测试已经成为我们日常生活的一部分，它们提高了患者的医疗进展或运动员的监测能力，这些已经超出了我们的想象。此外，早期对传感器网络的贡献，以及最终带有蓝牙或智能手机的无线数据收集和传输的信息技术革命，为连接远程传感器和分布式分析化学服务与中央实验室、云存储和云计算奠定了基础。在这里，我们批判性地回顾了 2013 年至 2018 年期间在物联网环境中使用或被认为是物联网就绪的生物传感器和化学传感器技术和概念，同时也指出了过去二十年来出现的那些基础概念和想法。我们关注这些传感器是因为它们具有独特的远程驻留能力和易于在网络中运行的能力，并且在向物联网集成方面取得了最大的进展。最后，我们强调了要求以及现有和未来的挑战，并提供了一些可能的解决方案，这些解决方案对于实现无缝集成到全球分析概念中非常重要，该概念包括比传感器更多的分析技术，并且包括下一代测序和分离原理以及与 MS 检测的结合。
