Deigendesch Nikolaus, Schlüter Dirk, Siebert Eberhard, Stenzel Werner
Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Pathologie, Universitätsspital Basel, Schönbeinstraße 40, 4031, Basel, Schweiz.
Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Deutschland.
Nervenarzt. 2019 Jun;90(6):623-641. doi: 10.1007/s00115-019-0719-1.
A plethora of different parasites and fungi can lead to infections of the central nervous system (CNS) and cause different clinical symptoms and outcomes depending on the pathogen and the anatomic location of the infection. The diagnosis and treatment of these eukaryotic infections is challenging. The prevalence of CNS infections depends on many factors, including geographical location, living conditions, genetic background and the immune status of the individual. In Germany, infections of the CNS by fungi and parasites are rare but can lead to considerable morbidity. Some parasitic and fungal CNS infections are becoming increasingly more prevalent and clinically relevant due to the increasing number of immunocompromised people. Case fatality rates of these infections, which are difficult to diagnose and to treat, are high. This article provides an overview of a subjective selection of parasitic and fungal infections of the CNS relevant to clinical practice in Germany and presents the diagnostic and therapeutic options.
大量不同的寄生虫和真菌可导致中枢神经系统（CNS）感染，并根据病原体和感染的解剖位置引起不同的临床症状和后果。这些真核生物感染的诊断和治疗具有挑战性。中枢神经系统感染的患病率取决于许多因素，包括地理位置、生活条件、遗传背景和个体的免疫状态。在德国，真菌和寄生虫引起的中枢神经系统感染很少见，但可能导致相当高的发病率。由于免疫功能低下人群数量的增加，一些寄生虫和真菌性中枢神经系统感染正变得越来越普遍且具有临床相关性。这些难以诊断和治疗的感染的病死率很高。本文概述了与德国临床实践相关的中枢神经系统寄生虫和真菌感染的主观选择，并介绍了诊断和治疗方案。
