The Water Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
The Water Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2019 Jun;222(5):790-803. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.05.001. Epub 2019 May 8.
Adequate environmental health conditions in penal institutions are necessary to protect and promote the health of prisoners and prison workers. We conducted a scoping systematic review to: describe the environmental health conditions in penal institutions and the associated exposures and health outcomes; identify effective approaches to prevent environmental health concerns; and identify evidence gaps on environmental health in penal institution populations. PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Scopus, and ProQuest were searched. Peer-reviewed studies that reported original data and on environmental health conditions and/or exposures in penal institutions were included. Seventy-three studies met these criteria. The most common risk factor identified was contaminated food and/or beverages prepared or handled in the institution's kitchen. Overcrowding, inadequate ventilation, and a lack of, or sharing of, soap and other hygiene products increased the risk of adverse health outcomes. Common responses included isolating infectious patients, educating prisoners and prison staff on improved sanitation and hygiene practices, improving ventilation, and disinfecting contaminated surfaces and/or water sources. Inadequate environmental health conditions in penal institutions are common, and adversely impact the health of prisoners and prison staff, yet are preventable. Few studies have been conducted in low- and middle-income countries, biasing our results. The development and implementation of national guidelines for essential environmental health in prisons, monitoring of conditions, and greater accountability of facility managers are needed to secure the health, rights, and well-being of prisoners.
在监狱中提供适当的环境卫生条件对于保护和促进囚犯和监狱工作人员的健康是必要的。我们进行了范围性系统评价，以：描述监狱中的环境卫生条件以及相关的暴露和健康结果；确定预防环境卫生问题的有效方法；并确定监狱人群中环境卫生方面的证据差距。我们检索了 PubMed、Web of Science、EBSCOhost、Scopus 和 ProQuest。纳入了报告原始数据以及监狱环境卫生条件和/或暴露情况的同行评审研究。有 73 项研究符合这些标准。确定的最常见风险因素是在机构厨房中制备或处理的受污染的食物和/或饮料。过度拥挤、通风不足以及缺乏或共享肥皂和其他卫生用品会增加不良健康结果的风险。常见的应对措施包括隔离传染病患者、教育囚犯和监狱工作人员改善卫生和卫生习惯、改善通风以及对受污染的表面和/或水源进行消毒。监狱中的环境卫生条件不佳很常见，会对囚犯和监狱工作人员的健康产生不利影响，但这些问题是可以预防的。在低收入和中等收入国家开展的研究很少，这使我们的结果产生了偏差。需要制定和实施监狱基本环境卫生国家准则，监测条件，并加强设施管理人员的问责制，以确保囚犯的健康、权利和福祉。
