Krasnikova Ekaterina Sergeevna, Bouchemla Fayssal, Krasnikov Alexander Vladimirovich, Radionov Roman Vladimirovich, Belyakova Anastasia Sergeevna
Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vavilov Saratov State Agrarian University, Saratov, Russia.
Department of Animal Disease, Veterinarian and Sanitarian Expertise, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vavilov Saratov State Agrarian University, Saratov, Russia.
Vet World. 2019;12(3):382-388. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.382-388. Epub 2019 Mar 12.
This study aimed to elucidate the ability of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) to integrate into cells of heterologous organisms, in particular, Wistar rats, and examine the manifestations of the pathological process that could be seen in them.
Wistar rats - were divided into three groups. The first group (I) was fed milk of intact cows, the second (II) - milk of BLV-infected cows, and the third (III) - milk of cows, clinically BLV sick. Rats of all groups were divided into two subgroups: In the subgroup "a", there were adult rats, and in the subgroup "b", their offspring were included. At 3, 6, 9, and 12 months from the start of the experiment, the animals' blood of each group was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of BLV provirus and specific anti-leukemia antibodies. A general and biochemical blood test was performed; pathological changes in the internal organs were recorded.
Using the PCR, the BLV infection was established in all experimental rats, whose immune response was expressed in varying degrees. At the initial stage of the infection, offspring rats were born healthy. The rats of the control groups Ia and Ib were intact to the BLV throughout the experiment. The biochemical blood tests have shown several signs of intoxication, endocrine disorders, and development of malignant processes in the experimental animals. There are also signs of liver, kidney, and myocardial damages, regardless of whether milk is infected or the cows are clinically leukemic. By the time, the experimental rats developed persistent thrombocytosis with an increase in the average volume of the blood platelets, which may be evidence of the leukemia infection by the megakaryocytic type. The most pronounced character of the change was in the offspring generation.
Wistar rats can be considered as a suitable laboratory model to study the BLV pathogenesis. Rats are not BLV natural host, however, they developed the pathognomonic BL infection symptoms when they were fed infected and leukemic cow's milk.
本研究旨在阐明牛白血病病毒（BLV）整合到异源生物体细胞中的能力，特别是在Wistar大鼠中的整合能力，并研究其中可能出现的病理过程表现。
Wistar大鼠分为三组。第一组（I）喂食健康奶牛的牛奶，第二组（II）喂食感染BLV的奶牛的牛奶，第三组（III）喂食临床患有BLV病的奶牛的牛奶。所有组的大鼠又分为两个亚组：“a”亚组为成年大鼠，“b”亚组包括它们的后代。从实验开始后的3、6、9和12个月，通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）和酶联免疫吸附测定法检测每组动物血液中BLV前病毒和特异性抗白血病抗体的存在情况。进行血常规和生化血液检测；记录内脏器官的病理变化。
通过PCR检测，所有实验大鼠均感染了BLV，其免疫反应程度各异。在感染初期，后代大鼠出生时健康。对照组Ia和Ib的大鼠在整个实验过程中对BLV均无感染。生化血液检测显示实验动物有多种中毒、内分泌紊乱和恶性病变发展的迹象。无论牛奶是否被感染或奶牛是否临床患白血病，均有肝脏、肾脏和心肌损伤的迹象。到那时，实验大鼠出现持续性血小板增多症，血小板平均体积增加，这可能是巨核细胞型白血病感染的证据。变化最明显的是后代。
Wistar大鼠可被视为研究BLV发病机制的合适实验模型。大鼠不是BLV的天然宿主，然而，当它们喂食感染和患白血病奶牛的牛奶时，会出现典型的BL感染症状。
