Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile.
Adv Nutr. 2019 May 1;10(suppl_2):S154-S163. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmy107.
Dairy product consumption has been related to type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence, although data from epidemiological studies have shown mixed results regarding the association of dairy products and T2D risk. This overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses aimed to examine the scientific literature available on the association between dairy product consumption and T2D risk. A literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science databases from their inception to April, 2018. Forest plots summarized the risk ratios (RRs) reported by meta-analyses on high compared with low and dose-response dairy product consumption. The risk of bias was assessed using the AMSTAR2 tool. We included 12 meta-analyses, reporting data from 4-22 cohort studies and from 4-23 populations. The participants' ages ranged from 20 to 88 y, and participants were followed up for from 4 to 30 y. Studies included 64,227-566,875 participants and reported 4810-44,474 cases of T2D. Most studies reported an inverse association between T2D incidence and dairy product consumption, especially for 1) total dairy products (range: 0.86-0.91), 2) low-fat dairy products (range: 0.81-0.83), 3) low-fat milk (RR: 0.82), and 4) yogurt (range: 0.74-0.86). Dose-response analyses showed a decreased T2D risk for 1) 200-400 g/d of total dairy products (range: 0.93-0.97) and 2) 200 g/d of low-fat dairy products (range: 0.88-0.91). Total dairy product consumption is associated with a lower risk of T2D, especially for yogurt and low-fat dairy consumption. The association with cheese is moderate. Moreover, dose-response analyses showed that the risk of T2D decreased by each unit increase in consumption of total dairy products and low-fat dairy products.
乳制品消费与 2 型糖尿病（T2D）的发生有关，尽管来自流行病学研究的数据表明乳制品与 T2D 风险之间的关联存在差异。本系统评价和荟萃分析综述旨在检查关于乳制品消费与 T2D 风险之间关联的现有科学文献。我们在 MEDLINE（通过 PubMed）、EMBASE、Cochrane 系统评价数据库和 Web of Science 数据库中进行了文献检索，检索时间从建库开始至 2018 年 4 月。森林图总结了荟萃分析报告的高与低乳制品消费和剂量-反应乳制品消费的风险比（RR）。使用 AMSTAR2 工具评估偏倚风险。我们纳入了 12 项荟萃分析，这些分析报告了 4-22 项队列研究和 4-23 项人群的数据。参与者的年龄范围为 20-88 岁，随访时间为 4-30 年。研究纳入了 64227-566875 名参与者，报告了 4810-44474 例 T2D。大多数研究报告 T2D 发生率与乳制品消费呈负相关，特别是 1）总乳制品（范围：0.86-0.91），2）低脂乳制品（范围：0.81-0.83），3）低脂牛奶（RR：0.82）和 4）酸奶（范围：0.74-0.86）。剂量-反应分析表明，1）总乳制品 200-400g/d（范围：0.93-0.97）和 2）低脂乳制品 200g/d（范围：0.88-0.91）的 T2D 风险降低。总的来说，乳制品的摄入与较低的 T2D 风险相关，特别是酸奶和低脂乳制品的摄入。与奶酪的关联是中等的。此外，剂量-反应分析表明，总乳制品和低脂乳制品的摄入量每增加一个单位，T2D 的风险就会降低。
