Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain.
CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Adv Nutr. 2019 May 1;10(suppl_2):S144-S153. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmy083.
Previous meta-analyses have associated dairy products with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Since then, new studies evaluating not only total dairy but also different subtypes have been published in this field. The objective of the present work was to systematically review and meta-analyze the epidemiologic studies regarding the associations between the consumption of total dairy products and subtypes (milk, yogurt, and cheese) and the incidence of MetS. Relevant studies were identified through Medline and Cochrane databases. Eligible studies were prospective cohort studies that examined the association between dairy product consumption and/or different subtypes of dairy and the risk of MetS. Random-effects or fixed-effects models were assigned to calculate the pooled RR estimates with 95% CIs. From the 2994 identified articles, 12 and 11 studies were included for the qualitative and quantitative synthesis, respectively. After comparing the highest with the lowest categories, total dairy product consumption was inversely associated with the risk of MetS (9 study comparisons; RR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.83). Low-fat dairy and total yogurt consumption were inversely associated with the risk of MetS (low-fat dairy: 2 study comparisons; RR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.91; total yogurt consumption: 4 study comparisons; RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.82). The linear RR per 1 serving of yogurt/d was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.60, 1.00). Low-fat yogurt and whole-fat yogurt were inversely associated with the risk of MetS (low-fat yogurt: 2 study comparisons; RR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.84; whole-fat yogurt: 2 study comparisons; RR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.94). Total milk consumption was inversely associated with the risk of MetS (6 study comparisons; RR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.97). Whole-fat dairy consumption was not associated with MetS risk. Our findings suggest that the consumption of total and low-fat dairy products, milk, and yogurt is inversely associated with the risk of MetS. The study protocol is available at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ as CRD42018082480.
先前的荟萃分析表明，乳制品与代谢综合征（MetS）的风险降低有关。此后，该领域发表了许多新的研究，不仅评估了总乳制品，还评估了不同的亚类。本研究的目的是系统地综述和荟萃分析关于总乳制品及其亚类（牛奶、酸奶和奶酪）摄入与 MetS 发生率之间关系的流行病学研究。通过 Medline 和 Cochrane 数据库确定了相关研究。合格的研究是前瞻性队列研究，研究了乳制品消费与/或不同类型的乳制品与 MetS 风险之间的关系。使用随机效应或固定效应模型计算合并 RR 估计值及其 95%置信区间。从 2994 篇文章中，纳入了 12 项定性研究和 11 项定量研究进行综合分析。在比较最高和最低类别后，总乳制品消费与 MetS 的风险呈负相关（9 项研究比较；RR：0.73；95%CI：0.64，0.83）。低脂乳制品和总酸奶消费与 MetS 的风险呈负相关（低脂乳制品：2 项研究比较；RR：0.77；95%CI：0.65，0.91；总酸奶消费：4 项研究比较；RR：0.74；95%CI：0.66，0.82）。每摄入 1 份酸奶/d 的 RR 线性值为 0.77（95%CI：0.60，1.00）。低脂酸奶和全脂酸奶与 MetS 的风险呈负相关（低脂酸奶：2 项研究比较；RR：0.72；95%CI：0.62，0.84；全脂酸奶：2 项研究比较；RR：0.81；95%CI：0.70，0.94）。总牛奶消费与 MetS 的风险呈负相关（6 项研究比较；RR：0.79；95%CI：0.64，0.97）。全脂乳制品消费与 MetS 风险无关。我们的研究结果表明，总乳制品和低脂乳制品、牛奶和酸奶的摄入与 MetS 的风险呈负相关。研究方案可在 https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ 上查看，编号为 CRD42018082480。
