Sex Transm Dis. 2019 Jun;46(6):395-399. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000984.
Mycoplasma genitalium is associated with genital discharge syndrome, but limited prevalence data are available in South Africa. The prevalence rates of M. genitalium infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection were determined in urogenital specimens collected from male and female patients presenting with genital discharge syndrome to a primary health care center in Johannesburg, South Africa from 2007 through 2014.
Genital specimens from 4731 patients were tested by a validated in-house multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and M. genitalium. Sera were tested for HIV infection using the Determine HIV 1/2 and Unigold assays.
The relative prevalence of M. genitalium in males and females was 8.9% and 10.6%, respectively. The prevalence of HIV infection in those infected with M. genitalium, without other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), was significantly higher than in those without M. genitalium infection (48.9% vs. 40.5%, P = 0.014). This significant difference in HIV seroprevalence was particularly observed among females in the study cohort.
The relative prevalence of M. genitalium and its association with prevalent HIV among females with vaginal discharge syndrome (VDS) calls for further research on the potential role of M. genitalium in the transmission and acquisition of HIV.
生殖支原体与生殖器分泌物综合征有关，但南非的流行数据有限。本研究旨在确定南非约翰内斯堡一家初级保健中心就诊的生殖器分泌物综合征患者的泌尿生殖道标本中生殖支原体感染和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）合并感染的流行率。
2007 年至 2014 年，采用经验证的内部多重实时聚合酶链反应检测泌尿生殖道标本中的淋病奈瑟菌、沙眼衣原体、阴道毛滴虫和生殖支原体。采用 Determine HIV 1/2 和 Unigold 检测血清 HIV 感染情况。
男性和女性生殖支原体的相对流行率分别为 8.9%和 10.6%。在无其他性传播感染（STI）的生殖支原体感染者中，HIV 感染的流行率明显高于无生殖支原体感染者（48.9% vs. 40.5%，P = 0.014）。在研究队列中的女性中，这种 HIV 血清阳性率的显著差异更为明显。
生殖道分泌物综合征患者中生殖支原体的相对流行率及其与 HIV 流行的相关性，提示需要进一步研究生殖支原体在 HIV 传播和获得中的潜在作用。
