Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2019 Nov 1;127(5):1177-1186. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00111.2019. Epub 2019 May 16.
Although respiratory sinus arrhythmia and blood pressure variability have been investigated extensively, there have been far fewer studies of the respiratory modulation of peripheral blood flow in humans. Existing studies have been based primarily on noninvasive measurements using digit photoplethysmography and laser-Doppler flowmetry. The cumulative knowledge derived from these studies suggests that respiration can contribute to fluctuations in peripheral blood flow and volume through a combination of mechanical, hemodynamic, and neural mechanisms. However, the most convincing evidence suggests that the sympathetic nervous system plays the predominant role under normal, resting conditions. This mini-review provides a consolidation and interpretation of the key findings reported in this topical area. Given the need to extract dynamic information from noninvasive measurements under largely "closed-loop" conditions, we propose that the application of analytical tools based on systems theory and mathematical modeling can be of great utility in future studies. In particular, we present an example of how the transfer relation linking respiration to peripheral vascular conductance can be derived using measurements recorded during spontaneous breathing, spontaneous sighs, and ventilator-induced sighs.
虽然已经广泛研究了呼吸窦性心律失常和血压变异性，但对人类外周血流的呼吸调节的研究要少得多。现有研究主要基于使用数字光体积描记法和激光多普勒流量计的无创测量。这些研究得出的综合知识表明，呼吸可以通过机械、血液动力学和神经机制的组合来促进外周血流和体积的波动。然而，最有说服力的证据表明，在正常休息状态下，交感神经系统起着主要作用。这篇迷你综述提供了对该专题领域报告的关键发现的综合和解释。鉴于需要从主要处于“闭环”条件下的无创测量中提取动态信息，我们建议基于系统理论和数学建模的分析工具的应用在未来的研究中非常有用。特别是，我们展示了如何使用在自主呼吸、自主叹息和呼吸机诱发叹息期间记录的测量值来推导将呼吸与外周血管传导性联系起来的传递关系的示例。
