Department of Forensic Science, Forensic Science Center of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, 3rd Xueyuan Road, Longhua District, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China.
School of Basic Medicine and Life Science, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China.
Mol Biol Rep. 2019 Aug;46(4):4095-4103. doi: 10.1007/s11033-019-04859-8. Epub 2019 May 16.
The Ong Be language-speaking population (Lingao population) settled in the north-central coast of Hainan Island and has attracted little attention because of its small population size (about five hundred thousand) as well as its relative geographical isolation in linguistics, anthropology, and forensic genetics. The Lingao population selected "Han Chinese" as its ethnic component around the founding period of the PRC. Hence, we used the Goldeneye™ DNA ID System 20A (including 13 CODIS core loci and 6 expanded CODIS loci) to obtain Lingao population genotypes and to enable the publishing of relative forensic parameters; further, this data will allow the evaluation of the Lingao ethnic component from different perspectives. Genetic differences between the Lingao population and Han Chinese populations from north and south administrative divisions of China as well as genetic distinctions among official ethnic groups were also investigated by the principal component analysis (PCA). The phylogenic tree was investigated by the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA). We analysed the genetic polymorphisms of 19 autosomal STR loci in 821 individuals from the Lingao population and observed a total of 269 alleles at 19 autosomal STR loci, with the corresponding allelic frequencies ranging from 0.0006 to 0.5780. The combined power of discrimination (CPD) and combined power of exclusion (CPE) for the 19 autosomal STR loci were 0.99999999999999999999998569 and 0.999999989, respectively. No evidence of deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was identified and no linkage disequilibrium (LD) was observed. The results demonstrated that the Goldeneye™ DNA ID System 20A had highly genetic diversities in the 19 STR loci in the Lingao population for forensic applications. In addition, the Lingao population had relatively close genetic relationships with Guangxi Han and Hainan Li populations compared to other populations. However, from a historical and linguistic perspective, "Han Chinese" is probably not an accurate description of the Lingao population. In conclusion, it is neither accurate or appropriate to classify the Ong Be language-speaking population as "Han Chinese" for multiple reasons. The present study can increase our understanding of the genetic relationships between the Lingao population and other Chinese groups. Nonetheless, further genetic studies are still needed to explore the mysteries of the Ong Be language-speaking population.
翁贝语族群（陵水族群）定居在海南岛的中北部海岸，由于其人口规模较小（约五十万）以及在语言学、人类学和法医遗传学方面相对的地理隔离，一直没有引起太多关注。陵水族群在中华人民共和国成立前后选择“汉族”作为其族群成分。因此，我们使用金盾 DNA ID System 20A（包括 13 个 CODIS 核心基因座和 6 个扩展 CODIS 基因座）获取陵水族群的基因型，并公布相关的法医参数；此外，这些数据将从不同角度评估陵水族群的族群成分。我们还通过主成分分析（PCA）研究了陵水族群与中国南北行政区划的汉族人群以及官方族群之间的遗传差异。通过非加权配对组平均法（UPGMA）构建了系统发育树。我们分析了 821 名陵水族群个体 19 个常染色体 STR 基因座的遗传多态性，在 19 个常染色体 STR 基因座共观察到 269 个等位基因，相应的等位基因频率范围为 0.0006 至 0.5780。19 个常染色体 STR 基因座的联合个体识别能力（CPD）和联合排除能力（CPE）分别为 0.99999999999999999999998569 和 0.999999989。未发现偏离 Hardy-Weinberg 平衡（HWE）的证据，也未观察到连锁不平衡（LD）。结果表明，金盾 DNA ID System 20A 在陵水族群 19 个 STR 基因座具有高度的遗传多样性，可用于法医学应用。此外，与其他人群相比，陵水族群与广西汉族和海南黎族人群的遗传关系较为密切。然而，从历史和语言的角度来看，“汉族”可能并不是对陵水族群的准确描述。综上所述，由于多种原因，将翁贝语族群归类为“汉族”既不准确也不合适。本研究可以增进我们对陵水族群与其他中国人群体之间遗传关系的了解。然而，为了探索翁贝语族群的奥秘，仍需要进一步的遗传研究。
