Price Richard J, Ladislaus Paul I, Smith Graham C, Davies Trevor J
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, University of Chester, Thornton Science Park, Pool Lane, Ince, Chester CH2 4NU, UK.
Thomas Swan Ltd., Rotary Way, Consett, County Durham DH8 7ND, UK.
Ultrason Sonochem. 2019 Sep;56:466-473. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.03.020. Epub 2019 Mar 28.
The transient cavitation of diaromatic components such as 1-methylnaphthalene has been used to produce graphene platelets in a 'bottom-up' synthesis via the high temperature (>5000 K) conditions that are generated inside collapsing bubbles. Acoustic cavitation produced yields of 5.7 × 10 kgJ at a production rate of 2.2 × 10 kgs. This can be improved by generating cavitation hydrodynamically, thus making commercial scale production viable. Hydrodynamic cavitation produced platelets with larger lateral dimensions (≥2 µm) than those formed by acoustic cavitation (10-200 nm). The partially oxidised nature of the platelets enables their covalent chemical functionalisation, which was achieved by combining suitable molecules in the reaction medium to affect a one-pot formation and functionalisation of graphene.
二芳族成分（如1-甲基萘）的瞬态空化已被用于通过在坍塌气泡内部产生的高温（>5000 K）条件下进行“自下而上”合成来制备石墨烯片。声空化在2.2×10⁻⁶ kg/s的生产率下产生了5.7×10⁻⁶ kg/J的产量。通过流体动力学方式产生空化可以提高产量，从而使商业规模生产成为可能。流体动力学空化产生的片层在横向尺寸上比声空化形成的片层更大（≥2 µm），而声空化形成的片层尺寸为10 - 200 nm。这些片层的部分氧化性质使其能够进行共价化学功能化，这是通过在反应介质中结合合适的分子来实现石墨烯的一锅法形成和功能化的。
