不良的童年经历：对成年心理健康和社交退缩的影响。
Adverse childhood experiences: impacts on adult mental health and social withdrawal.
机构信息
Research Department, Institute of Child Developmental Science Research, Hamamatsu, Japan.
United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
出版信息
Front Public Health. 2023 Oct 26;11:1277766. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1277766. eCollection 2023.
BACKGROUND
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been found to negatively impact adult mental health outcomes. Numerous studies have highlighted on ACEs in family and community settings. However, few have examined the impact of ACEs in school settings, despite the potential influence on social participation. Hikikomori, characterized by severe social withdrawal, was first studied in Japan and has gained recognition in recent years. The present study aims to present the concept of ACEs specific to schools and investigate the impact of both school ACEs and traditional ACEs on adult mental health and Hikikomori.
METHODS
A total of 4,000 Japanese adults, aged 20-34, were recruited through an Internet survey form. All data were obtained in October 2021. Participants answered questions regarding their ACEs in the family (10 items), school ACEs (five teacher-related items and two bullying-related items), depressive/anxiety symptoms, and Hikikomori (remaining at home for more than 6 months).
RESULTS
A significant association with depressive/anxiety symptoms was shown in both ACEs and school ACEs. An increase of one point in the ACE scores was associated with a 24% increase in the risk of depressive/anxiety symptoms. School ACE scores also demonstrated a significant association with depressive/anxiety symptoms, with an increase of one point associated with a 44% increase in the risk of these symptoms. As for Hikikomori, a significant association was shown in the school ACEs only: a 29% increased risk of Hikikomori for every one-point increase in school ACE scores. Both school ACE scores for teacher-related and bullying-related factors revealed a significant association with Hikikomori; the rates of increased risk were 23 and 37%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that school ACEs, rather than ACEs in the family, are associated with the risk of Hikikomori. School ACEs are important for social adaptation, and reducing traumatic experiences in school settings may have the potential to prevent problems in later life, specifically in terms of social participation.
背景
不良的童年经历（ACEs）已被证明会对成年人的心理健康产生负面影响。许多研究强调了家庭和社区环境中的 ACEs。然而，尽管 ACEs 可能对社交参与有影响，但很少有研究考察学校环境中的 ACEs。蛰居族，其特征是严重的社交回避，最初在日本被研究，并在近年来得到了认可。本研究旨在介绍特定于学校的 ACEs 概念，并调查学校 ACEs 和传统 ACEs 对成年人心理健康和蛰居族的影响。
方法
通过互联网调查表格，共招募了 4000 名年龄在 20-34 岁的日本成年人。所有数据均于 2021 年 10 月获得。参与者回答了关于他们在家庭（10 项）、学校 ACEs（五项与教师相关的项目和两项与欺凌相关的项目）、抑郁/焦虑症状和蛰居族（在家中超过 6 个月）的 ACEs 的问题。
结果
ACEs 和学校 ACEs 均与抑郁/焦虑症状显著相关。ACE 评分增加 1 分，抑郁/焦虑症状的风险增加 24%。学校 ACE 评分也与抑郁/焦虑症状显著相关，评分增加 1 分，这些症状的风险增加 44%。至于蛰居族，只有学校 ACEs 与之显著相关：学校 ACE 评分每增加 1 分，蛰居族的风险增加 29%。与教师相关和与欺凌相关的学校 ACE 因素均与蛰居族显著相关；风险增加率分别为 23%和 37%。
结论
这些结果表明，与家庭 ACEs 相比，学校 ACEs 与蛰居族的风险相关。学校 ACEs 对社会适应很重要，减少学校环境中的创伤经历可能有潜力预防以后生活中的问题，特别是在社交参与方面。
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