IVO Research Institute, P.O. Box 30833, 2500, GV, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Syst Rev. 2019 May 18;8(1):119. doi: 10.1186/s13643-019-1036-2.
Experiential peers are increasingly involved in the development and delivery of interventions for individuals who are engaged in delinquent behavior. Experiential peer support, which is the provision of support to an individual engaged in delinquent behavior by someone who has previously also practiced such behavior, is one such application. Little is known, however, about its effects on desistance, or the mechanisms that explain these effects. On the basis of theoretical papers, program descriptions, and interviews with experts, we developed an initial program theory. We propose seven mechanisms that might play a role in the (potential) effects of support by experiential peers: (1) empathy and acceptance, (2) social learning, (3) social bonding, (4) social control, (5) narrative and identity formation, (6) hope and perspective, and (7) translation and connection. In addition, in this protocol paper, we describe the methods of a systematic realist literature review that will be conducted in order to investigate the evidence base for this program theory.
The study described in this protocol paper is a realist review, which is a suitable approach to study complex interventions and fits the explanatory purpose of the study. We outline the steps to be taken for the systematic realist review, including the selection and assessment of studies and the methods for synthesizing the findings.
Investigating the effects and the underlying mechanisms of support by experiential peers for individuals with delinquent behavior is relevant because the forensic setting has some unique features, and the involvement of service users might create even more tension than in other settings due to stigma and perceived risks. The findings that will be reported in the realist review will contribute to the knowledge of the effects of support by experiential peers and will provide insight into which aspects remain to be studied. It might also provide formal care institutions with guidance on whether to involve experiential peers in the delivery of their services and the conditions under which these interventions are likely to lead to positive results.
经验丰富的同行越来越多地参与到针对从事不良行为的个人的干预措施的制定和实施中。经验丰富的同伴支持就是其中的一种应用，即向有过不良行为的个人提供支持，而提供支持的人之前也有过这种行为。然而，人们对这种支持对停止不良行为的影响，或者解释这些影响的机制知之甚少。基于理论论文、项目描述和专家访谈，我们初步提出了一个项目理论。我们提出了七种机制，这些机制可能在经验丰富的同伴支持的（潜在）效果中发挥作用：（1）同理心和接受，（2）社会学习，（3）社会联系，（4）社会控制，（5）叙述和身份形成，（6）希望和视角，以及（7）转化和联系。此外，在本方案文件中，我们描述了系统的现实主义文献综述的方法，以便调查该项目理论的证据基础。
本方案文件中描述的研究是一项现实主义审查，这是一种适合研究复杂干预措施的方法，符合研究的解释目的。我们概述了系统现实主义审查将采取的步骤，包括研究的选择和评估以及综合研究结果的方法。
调查经验丰富的同伴对有不良行为的个人的支持的效果及其潜在机制是很重要的，因为法医环境有一些独特的特点，由于污名化和感知风险，服务使用者的参与可能比其他环境中产生更多的紧张关系。将在现实主义审查中报告的调查结果将有助于了解经验丰富的同伴支持的效果，并深入了解哪些方面仍有待研究。它还可能为正规护理机构提供指导，说明是否应让经验丰富的同伴参与提供服务，以及在哪些条件下这些干预措施可能会产生积极的结果。
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