Program for Recovery and Community Health, Yale University School of Medicine, 319 Peck Street, Building 1, New Haven, CT 06513, USA.
World Psychiatry. 2012 Jun;11(2):123-8. doi: 10.1016/j.wpsyc.2012.05.009.
Peer support is largely considered to represent a recent advance in community mental health, introduced in the 1990s as part of the mental health service user movement. Actually, peer support has its roots in the moral treatment era inaugurated by Pussin and Pinel in France at the end of the 18th century, and has re-emerged at different times throughout the history of psychiatry. In its more recent form, peer support is rapidly expanding in a number of countries and, as a result, has become the focus of considerable research. Thus far, there is evidence that peer staff providing conventional mental health services can be effective in engaging people into care, reducing the use of emergency rooms and hospitals, and reducing substance use among persons with co-occurring substance use disorders. When providing peer support that involves positive self-disclosure, role modeling, and conditional regard, peer staff have also been found to increase participants' sense of hope, control, and ability to effect changes in their lives; increase their self-care, sense of community belonging, and satisfaction with various life domains; and decrease participants' level of depression and psychosis.
同伴支持在很大程度上被认为是社区心理健康领域的一项最新进展，它作为精神卫生服务使用者运动的一部分，于 20 世纪 90 年代引入。实际上，同伴支持的根源可以追溯到 18 世纪末法国的皮内尔和普西恩开创的道德治疗时代，并在精神病学史的不同时期多次出现。在最近的形式中，同伴支持在许多国家迅速发展，并因此成为相当多研究的焦点。到目前为止，有证据表明，提供传统精神卫生服务的同伴工作人员可以有效地让人们参与护理，减少急诊室和医院的使用，并减少同时患有物质使用障碍的人的物质使用。当提供涉及积极自我表露、角色扮演和条件关注的同伴支持时，还发现同伴工作人员可以增加参与者的希望感、控制感和改变生活的能力；增加他们的自我护理、社区归属感和对各种生活领域的满意度；并降低参与者的抑郁和精神病水平。
