Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Jul;26(20):20654-20668. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05345-1. Epub 2019 May 18.
Copper (Cu) is widely used in various industries, and human exposure to this metal results in severe multi-organ toxicity, which is thought to be due to the generation of free radicals by Fenton-like reaction. The generation of reactive oxygen as well as nitrogen species and free radicals results in induction of oxidative stress in the cell. We have studied the effect of different concentrations of Cu(II) on human erythrocytes and lymphocytes. Incubation of erythrocytes with copper chloride, a Cu(II) compound, enhanced the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, decreased glutathione and total sulphydryl content and increased protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation. All changes were in a Cu(II) concentration-dependent manner. This strongly suggests that Cu(II) causes oxidative damage in erythrocytes. The activities of major antioxidant enzymes were altered, and antioxidant power was lowered. Cu(II) treatment also resulted in membrane damage in erythrocytes as seen by electron microscopy and lowered activities of plasma membrane-bound enzymes. Incubation of human lymphocytes with Cu(II) resulted in DNA damage when studied by the sensitive comet assay. These results show that Cu(II) exerts cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on human blood cells probably by enhancing the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
铜（Cu）广泛应用于各个行业，人类接触这种金属会导致严重的多器官毒性，据认为这是由于 Fenton 样反应产生自由基所致。活性氧、氮物种和自由基的产生导致细胞内氧化应激的诱导。我们研究了不同浓度的 Cu（II）对人红细胞和淋巴细胞的影响。用氯化铜（Cu（II）化合物）孵育红细胞可增强活性氧和氮物种的产生，降低谷胱甘肽和总巯基含量，增加蛋白质氧化和脂质过氧化。所有变化均呈 Cu（II）浓度依赖性。这强烈表明 Cu（II）会导致红细胞氧化损伤。主要抗氧化酶的活性发生改变，抗氧化能力降低。Cu（II）处理还导致红细胞膜损伤，电镜下可见，质膜结合酶的活性降低。用灵敏的彗星试验研究人淋巴细胞与 Cu（II）孵育后会导致 DNA 损伤。这些结果表明，Cu（II）可能通过增强活性氧和氮物种的产生对人血细胞产生细胞毒性和遗传毒性作用。
