Development of a Molecularly Stable Gene Therapy Vector for the Treatment of -Associated X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa.

In a screen of 1,000 consecutively ascertained families, we recently found that mutations in the gene are the third most common cause of all inherited retinal disease. As the two most frequent disease-causing genes, and , are far too large to fit into clinically relevant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, is an obvious early target for AAV-based ocular gene therapy. In generating plasmids for this application, we discovered that those containing wild-type sequence, which includes the highly repetitive low complexity region ORF15, were extremely unstable (, they showed consistent accumulation of genomic changes during plasmid propagation). To develop a stable gene transfer vector, we used a bioinformatics approach to identify predicted regions of genomic instability within ORF15 (, potential non-B DNA conformations). Synonymous substitutions were made in these regions to reduce the repetitiveness and increase the molecular stability while leaving the encoded amino acid sequence unchanged. The resulting construct was subsequently packaged into AAV serotype 5, and the ability to drive transcript expression and functional protein production was demonstrated via subretinal injection in rat and pull-down assays, respectively. By making synonymous substitutions within the repetitive region of , we were able to stabilize the plasmid and subsequently generate a clinical-grade gene transfer vector (IA-RPGR). Following subretinal injection in rat, we demonstrated that the augmented transcript was expressed at levels similar to wild-type constructs. By performing pull-down experiments, we were able to show that IA-RPGR protein product retained normal protein binding properties (, analysis revealed normal binding to PDE6D, INPP5E, and RPGRIP1L). In summary, we have generated a stable gene transfer vector capable of producing functional RPGR protein, which will facilitate safety and toxicity studies required for progression to an Investigational New Drug application.