Oei Shiao Li, Thronicke Anja, Schad Friedemann
Research Institute Havelhöhe, 14089 Berlin, Germany.
Oncological Centre, Hospital Havelhöhe, 14089 Berlin, Germany.
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Apr 17;2019:5893017. doi: 10.1155/2019/5893017. eCollection 2019.
In early tumor development, cancer cells develop a plethora of strategies to escape surveillance from the adaptive and innate immune system. Cancer immunotherapies, in particular immune checkpoint inhibitors, are becoming a highly promising cancer therapeutic approach that has remarkable increased progress in combating various cancer types. Unfortunately, their mechanisms of action induce some complications, such as inflammatory reactions and immune-related adverse events. In the management of side effects during anticancer therapy, complementary and integrative therapy approaches are becoming of growing interest. Particularly, mistletoe, L. (VA), has a long traditional history of about 100 years as an add-on therapy of cancer treatment in German-speaking countries. Besides antitumoral and quality of life-promoting activities, VA applications reduce side effects of modern conventional anticancer therapies and exert immunomodulatory characteristics. As these properties may provide a good basis for a combination with modern oncological therapies, the biological activities of VA applications and mechanisms involved have to be understood. In this review, the impact of VA compounds on different cellular pathways and immunological reactions in the fight against cancerous cells is discussed.
在肿瘤早期发展过程中，癌细胞会形成大量策略以逃避适应性和先天性免疫系统的监视。癌症免疫疗法，尤其是免疫检查点抑制剂，正成为一种极具前景的癌症治疗方法，在对抗各种癌症类型方面取得了显著进展。不幸的是，它们的作用机制会引发一些并发症，如炎症反应和免疫相关不良事件。在抗癌治疗的副作用管理中，补充和综合治疗方法越来越受到关注。特别是，欧洲槲寄生（Viscum album，VA）在德语国家作为癌症治疗的辅助疗法已有约100年的悠久传统历史。除了具有抗肿瘤和促进生活质量的作用外，VA的应用还能减轻现代传统抗癌疗法的副作用，并具有免疫调节特性。由于这些特性可能为与现代肿瘤疗法联合应用提供良好基础，因此必须了解VA应用的生物学活性及其涉及的机制。在本综述中，将讨论VA化合物在对抗癌细胞过程中对不同细胞途径和免疫反应的影响。
