Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3) , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , New York 10065 , United States.
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery , The Second Clinical Medicine College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518020 , China.
ACS Chem Biol. 2019 Jul 19;14(7):1449-1459. doi: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00160. Epub 2019 Jun 17.
Clinical trials involving genome-edited cells are growing in popularity, where CAR-T immunotherapy and CRISPR/Cas9 editing are more recognized strategies. Genetic reporters are needed to localize the molecular events inside these cells in patients. Specifically, a nonimmunogenic genetic reporter is urgently needed as current reporters are immunogenic due to derivation from nonhuman sources. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is potentially nonimmunogenic due to its natural, low-level expression in select tissues (self-MHC display). PSMA overexpression on human prostate adenocarcinoma is also visible with excellent contrast. We exploit these properties in a transduced, two-component, uman-erived, enetic, ositron-emitting, and luorescent (HD-GPF) reporter system. Mechanistically analogous to the luciferase and luciferin reporter, PSMA is genetically encoded into non-PSMA expressing 8505C cells and tracked with ACUPA-Cy3-BF3, a single, systemically injected small molecule that delivers positron emitting fluoride (F) and a fluorophore (Cy3) to report on cells expressing PSMA. PSMA-lentivirus transduced tissues become visible by Cy3 fluorescence, [F]-positron emission tomography (PET), and γ-scintillated biodistribution. HD-GPF fluorescence is visible at subcellular resolution, while a reduced PET background is achieved , due to rapid ACUPA-Cy3-BF3 renal excretion. Co-transduction with luciferase and GFP show specific advantages over popular genetic reporters in advanced murine models including, a "mosaic" model of solid-tumor intratumoral heterogeneity and a survival model for observing postsurgical recurrence. We report an advanced genetic reporter that tracks genetically modified cells in entire animals and with subcellular resolution with PET and fluorescence, respectively. This reporter system is potentially nonimmunogenic and will therefore be useful in human studies. PSMA is a biomarker of prostate adenocarcinoma and ACUPA-Cy3-BF3 potential in radical prostatectomy is demonstrated.
涉及基因组编辑细胞的临床试验越来越受欢迎,其中 CAR-T 免疫疗法和 CRISPR/Cas9 编辑是更为人认可的策略。需要遗传报告器来定位患者体内这些细胞内的分子事件。具体来说,由于当前的报告器源自非人类来源,因此急需一种非免疫原性的遗传报告器。由于其在选定组织中的天然低水平表达(自身 MHC 显示),前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)可能是非免疫原性的。人前列腺腺癌上的 PSMA 过表达也具有极好的对比度。我们在转导的、两部分的、人源的、遗传的、正电子发射和荧光(HD-GPF)报告系统中利用这些特性。在机制上类似于荧光素酶和荧光素报告器,PSMA 被遗传编码到不表达 PSMA 的 8505C 细胞中,并通过 ACUPA-Cy3-BF3 进行跟踪,ACUPA-Cy3-BF3 是一种单一的、系统性注射的小分子,可将正电子发射氟化物(F)和荧光团(Cy3)递送至表达 PSMA 的细胞。PSMA-慢病毒转导组织通过 Cy3 荧光、[F]-正电子发射断层扫描(PET)和γ闪烁生物分布变得可见。HD-GPF 荧光可见于亚细胞分辨率,同时由于 ACUPA-Cy3-BF3 快速从肾脏排泄,实现了 PET 背景的降低。与荧光素和 GFP 的共转导在包括实体瘤肿瘤内异质性的“镶嵌”模型和观察手术后复发的生存模型在内的高级鼠模型中显示出优于流行遗传报告器的特定优势。我们报告了一种先进的遗传报告器,该报告器可以分别用 PET 和荧光在整个动物和亚细胞分辨率下跟踪基因修饰细胞。该报告器系统可能是非免疫原性的,因此在人类研究中将是有用的。PSMA 是前列腺腺癌的生物标志物,ACUPA-Cy3-BF3 在根治性前列腺切除术方面的潜力得到了证明。
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