Social Cognition Center Cologne.
Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2019 Aug;45(8):1031-1048. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000654. Epub 2019 May 27.
In past research on imitation, some findings suggest that imitation is goal based, whereas other findings suggest that imitation can also be based on a direct mapping of a model's movements without necessarily adopting the model's goal. We argue that the 2 forms of imitation are flexibly deployed in accordance with the psychological distance from the model. We specifically hypothesize that individuals are relatively more likely to imitate the model's goals when s/he is distant but relatively more likely to imitate the model's specific movements when s/he is proximal. This hypothesis was tested in 4 experiments using different imitation paradigms and different distance manipulations. Experiment 1 served as a pilot study and demonstrated that temporal distance (vs. proximity) increased imitation of a goal relative to the imitation of a movement. Experiments 2 and 3 measured goal-based and movement-based imitation independently of each other and found that spatial distance (vs. proximity) decreased the rate of goal errors (indicating more goal imitation) compared with movement errors. Experiment 4 demonstrated that psychological distance operates most likely at the input-that is, perceptual-level. The findings are discussed in relation to construal level theory and extant theories of imitation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
在过去的模仿研究中，一些研究结果表明，模仿是基于目标的，而另一些研究结果表明，模仿也可以基于对模型动作的直接映射，而不一定采用模型的目标。我们认为，这两种形式的模仿可以根据与模型的心理距离灵活地部署。我们特别假设，当个体与模型距离较远时，更有可能模仿模型的目标，而当个体与模型距离较近时，更有可能模仿模型的具体动作。这个假设在 4 个实验中得到了检验，使用了不同的模仿范式和不同的距离操作。实验 1 作为一项试点研究，证明了时间距离（相对于接近）相对于模仿动作，增加了对目标的模仿。实验 2 和实验 3 独立地测量了基于目标和基于动作的模仿，发现空间距离（相对于接近）与动作错误相比，降低了目标错误的速度（表明更多的目标模仿）。实验 4 证明，心理距离最有可能在输入（即感知）层面起作用。研究结果与构念水平理论和现有的模仿理论有关。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。
