a Department of Kinesiology, College of Education , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA.
J Sports Sci. 2019 Sep;37(18):2094-2105. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1621476. Epub 2019 May 28.
Despite continued interest in youth sport participation, the consensus among researchers is that a thorough understanding of the phenomenon of youth sport specialization is still lacking. The popular and scholarly narratives regarding sport specialization challenge the adaptive nature of this practice. However, the lack of synthesis of youth sport specialization research makes existing practical recommendations potentially tenuous. This scoping review utilized a multidisciplinary lens to survey and integrate the full spectrum of youth sport specialization research by summarizing empirical findings and examining the characteristics of empirical research (e.g., field of publication, participant role, study design). Multiple databases were utilized to span the various disciplines in which sport specialization has been studied. The systematic review protocol yielded 906 publications for screening. After analysis of these records through inclusion/exclusion criteria, 40 empirical research publications examining youth sport specialization were included in this review. Analysis of these empirical findings indicated two higher-order emerging themes of this research: 1) Sport specialization participation behaviours; 2) Sport specialization outcomes. Descriptive results of the research characteristics are also explored. This review examined key findings that underlie recommendations for structuring youth sport participation, and highlighted future research avenues vital towards a more holistic understanding of this phenomenon.
尽管人们对青少年参与体育运动的兴趣持续不减，但研究人员的共识是，对于青少年体育专业化现象，人们仍然缺乏透彻的理解。关于体育专业化的流行和学术观点挑战了这种做法的适应性。然而，由于缺乏对青少年体育专业化研究的综合分析，现有的实践建议可能存在不确定性。本范围界定综述利用多学科视角，通过总结实证研究结果并考察实证研究的特征（例如，出版物领域、参与者角色、研究设计），全面调查和整合了青少年体育专业化研究的全貌。研究人员利用多个数据库涵盖了体育专业化研究的各个领域。系统综述方案共产生了 906 份可供筛选的出版物。通过纳入/排除标准对这些记录进行分析后，有 40 项关于青少年体育专业化的实证研究出版物被纳入本综述。对这些实证研究结果的分析表明，该研究有两个较高层次的新兴主题：1）体育专业化参与行为；2）体育专业化结果。研究特征的描述性结果也得到了探讨。本综述探讨了为青少年体育参与制定建议的基础的关键研究结果，并强调了对全面理解这一现象至关重要的未来研究方向。
