Coutinho Patrícia, Ramos Ana, Afonso José, Bessa Cristiana, Ribeiro João, Davids Keith, Fonseca António M, Mesquita Isabel
CIFI2D, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
Sport & Human Performance Research Group, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK.
Children (Basel). 2023 Apr 14;10(4):729. doi: 10.3390/children10040729.
This study characterised the sport participation patterns of 546 male youth team sport players. A retrospective questionnaire was used to identify the sport starting age (general sports and main sport) and the quantity and type of sports undertaken during the early years of development. A mixed-ANOVA and Chi-square tests were implemented. All participants started involvement in sports at the same age (~5 years) and participated in the same number of sports during their early years (1 to 2 sports). However, football players started participating mainly in team games (football, futsal) and water polo players in CGS sports (swimming). Participants reported different ages for initial participation in: (i) main sport (football players started participating earlier, around 5-6 years), (ii) onset of specialisation (football players specialised earlier, around 7 or 8 years), (iii) types of sports engaged in (football players were involved in more team games and water polo in more CGS sports), and (iv) variations in weekly training hours (water polo reported more hours of training). This study provided empirical evidence for understanding the effects of different sporting pathways on long-term athlete development. Some key incongruities between contemporary knowledge and practice are acknowledged. Further investigations should be developed by examining the trajectories in different sports, countries, genders, and cultural contexts.
本研究对546名男性青少年团体运动运动员的运动参与模式进行了特征分析。采用回顾性问卷调查来确定运动起始年龄（一般运动和主要运动）以及在发育早期所从事运动的数量和类型。实施了混合方差分析和卡方检验。所有参与者在相同年龄（约5岁）开始参与运动，并且在早年参与的运动项目数量相同（1至2项运动）。然而，足球运动员主要开始参与团队比赛（足球、室内五人足球），而水球运动员则开始参与CGS运动项目（游泳）。参与者报告了在以下方面开始参与的不同年龄：（i）主要运动（足球运动员更早开始参与，约5至6岁），（ii）专项化开始年龄（足球运动员专项化更早，约7或8岁），（iii）所从事的运动类型（足球运动员参与更多团队比赛，水球运动员参与更多CGS运动项目），以及（iv）每周训练时长的差异（水球运动员报告的训练时长更多）。本研究为理解不同运动路径对运动员长期发展的影响提供了实证依据。同时也承认了当代知识与实践之间的一些关键不一致之处。应通过研究不同运动项目、国家、性别和文化背景下的发展轨迹来开展进一步的调查。
