Soares André A L, Lima Ahlan B, Miguel Caio G, Galvão Luciano G, Leonardi Thiago J, Paes Roberto R, Gonçalves Carlos E, Carvalho Humberto M
Department of Physical Education, School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Front Sports Act Living. 2023 Jan 10;4:1042494. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2022.1042494. eCollection 2022.
The present study examined the influence of the specialization onset on the magnitude and patterns of changes in basketball-specific physical fitness within a competitive season and developmental fitness trends between 11 and 17 years in young basketball players. Repeated measures of 181 young basketball players (female, = 40; male, = 141) were examined. Anthropometry, age, estimated maturity status, and basketball-specific physical fitness (assessed with the countermovement jump, line drill, and yo-yo intermittent recovery level-1 and fitness score) were considered. Players were grouped by the onset of specialization as related to biological maturation milestones (pre-puberty, mid-puberty, and late-puberty specialization). The within-season and developmental changes in physical fitness were fitted using multilevel modeling in a fully Bayesian framework. The fitness outcomes were similar between-player and within-player changes when grouped by specialization across a season. Fitness improvements across a season were apparent for female players, while male players maintained their performance levels. There was no variation in the patterns of physical fitness development between 11 and 17 years associated with the onset of specialization. Conditional on our data and models, the assumption that early sport specialization provides a physical fitness advantage for future athletic success does not hold.
本研究考察了专项化开始时间对年轻篮球运动员在一个竞技赛季中篮球专项身体素质变化的幅度和模式的影响，以及11至17岁之间的发育性体能趋势。对181名年轻篮球运动员（女性40名；男性141名）进行了重复测量。考虑了人体测量学、年龄、估计成熟状态以及篮球专项身体素质（通过反向纵跳、直线折返跑、悠悠球间歇恢复水平1和体能得分进行评估）。根据与生物成熟里程碑相关的专项化开始时间，将运动员分为青春期前专项化、青春期中期专项化和青春期后期专项化三组。在完全贝叶斯框架下，使用多层模型拟合体能的赛季内变化和发育变化。按赛季专项化分组时，球员间和球员内的体能变化结果相似。女性球员在一个赛季中的体能有明显提高，而男性球员保持了他们的表现水平。11至17岁之间与专项化开始相关的体能发展模式没有差异。基于我们的数据和模型，早期运动专项化能为未来的运动成功提供体能优势这一假设并不成立。
