Kuramoto Eriko, Yoshinaga Saori, Nakao Hiroyuki, Nemoto Seiji, Ishida Yasushi
Faculty of Nursing, Miyazaki Prefectural Nursing University, Miyazaki City, Japan.
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki City, Japan.
Neuropsychopharmacol Rep. 2019 Sep;39(3):183-193. doi: 10.1002/npr2.12059. Epub 2019 May 28.
Facial expressions are formed by the coordination of facial muscles and reflect changes in emotion. Nurses observe facial expressions as way of understanding patients. This study conducted basic research using facial myogenic potential topography to visually determine changes in the location and strength of facial muscle activity associated with voluntary facial expression to examine relationships with facial expressions.
Participants comprised 18 healthy adults (6 men, 12 women; mean age, 24.3 ± 4.3 years). Facial myogenic potentials were measured from 19 electrodes arranged concentrically on the face, and topographic analysis was conducted. Using potential changes and topograms, the muscle activity associated with nonvoluntary facial expression and voluntary facial expressions of happiness and disgust were classified according to the characteristics of expressions. To classify homogeneous groups among the reaction of disgust, hierarchical cluster analysis was utilized.
One characteristic of the facial expression of happiness was activity in areas including the greater zygomatic muscle. With the facial expression of disgust, characteristic changes were seen in areas including the corrugator supercilii. Cluster analysis of the expression of disgust showed four homogeneous subgroups.
With facial myogenic potential topography, facial expressions can be evaluated objectively without being influenced by face shape or countenance. Color changes in topograms showed subtle changes in expressions that could not be supplemented with statistical processing alone, and these were useful in identifying individuality. Topography is thus expected to be utilized to supplement basic knowledge of facial expressions for a better understanding of patients.
面部表情由面部肌肉协调形成，反映情绪变化。护士通过观察面部表情来了解患者。本研究利用面部肌源性电位地形图进行基础研究，以直观确定与随意性面部表情相关的面部肌肉活动位置和强度的变化，从而检验其与面部表情的关系。
研究对象为18名健康成年人（6名男性，12名女性；平均年龄24.3±4.3岁）。从面部同心排列的19个电极测量面部肌源性电位，并进行地形图分析。利用电位变化和地形图，根据表情特征对面部非随意性表情以及快乐和厌恶的随意性面部表情相关的肌肉活动进行分类。为了在厌恶反应中划分出同类组，采用了层次聚类分析。
快乐的面部表情的一个特征是包括颧大肌在内的区域有活动。对于厌恶的面部表情，在包括皱眉肌在内的区域观察到特征性变化。厌恶表情的聚类分析显示有四个同类亚组。
利用面部肌源性电位地形图，可以不受面部形状或面容影响客观地评估面部表情。地形图中的颜色变化显示出仅靠统计处理无法补充的表情细微变化，这些变化有助于识别个体特征。因此，预计地形图将被用于补充面部表情的基础知识，以便更好地理解患者。
