Institute of Power Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia.
Microbiology Unit, Department of Pre-clinical, International Medical School, Management and Science University, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Seksyen 13, Shah Alam 40100, Selangor, Malaysia.
Molecules. 2019 May 27;24(10):2025. doi: 10.3390/molecules24102025.
The agricultural industry has made a tremendous contribution to the foundations of civilization. Basic essentials such as food, beverages, clothes and domestic materials are enriched by the agricultural industry. However, the traditional method in agriculture cultivation is labor-intensive and inadequate to meet the accelerating nature of human demands. This scenario raises the need to explore state-of-the-art crop cultivation and harvesting technologies. In this regard, optics and photonics technologies have proven to be effective solutions. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of three photonic techniques, namely imaging, spectroscopy and spectral imaging, in a comparative manner for agriculture applications. Essentially, the spectral imaging technique is a robust solution which combines the benefits of both imaging and spectroscopy but faces the risk of underutilization. This review also comprehends the practicality of all three techniques by presenting existing examples in agricultural applications. Furthermore, the potential of these techniques is reviewed and critiqued by looking into agricultural activities involving palm oil, rubber, and agro-food crops. All the possible issues and challenges in implementing the photonic techniques in agriculture are given prominence with a few selective recommendations. The highlighted insights in this review will hopefully lead to an increased effort in the development of photonics applications for the future agricultural industry.
农业为文明的基础做出了巨大贡献。农业丰富了人们的基本必需品，如食物、饮料、衣服和家庭用品。然而，传统的农业种植方法是劳动密集型的，不足以满足人类需求的加速增长。这种情况需要探索先进的作物种植和收获技术。在这方面，光学和光子学技术已被证明是有效的解决方案。本文旨在通过比较的方式，对农业应用中的三种光子技术，即成像、光谱和光谱成像，进行全面综述。从本质上讲，光谱成像技术是一种强大的解决方案，它结合了成像和光谱学的优势，但存在利用率不足的风险。本综述还通过介绍农业应用中的现有实例，了解了所有三种技术的实用性。此外，通过研究涉及棕榈油、橡胶和农产品的农业活动，对这些技术的潜力进行了审查和评价。在农业中实施光子技术的所有可能问题和挑战都受到了关注，并提出了一些有选择性的建议。本综述中强调的观点有望为未来农业产业中光子学应用的发展带来更多的努力。
