Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2019 Jun 13;55(49):6964-6996. doi: 10.1039/c9cc01741k.
Noble metals comprise any of several metallic chemical elements that are outstandingly resistant to corrosion and oxidation, even at elevated temperatures. This group is not strictly defined, but the tentative list includes ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold, in order of atomic number. The emerging properties of noble metal nanoparticles are attracting huge interest from the translational scientific community and have led to an unprecedented expansion of research and exploration of applications in biotechnology and biomedicine. Noble metal nanomaterials can be synthesised both by top-down and bottom up approaches, as well as via organism-assisted routes, and subsequently modified appropriately for the field of use. Nanoscale analogues of gold, silver, platinum, and palladium in particular, have gained primary importance owing to their excellent intrinsic properties and diversity of applications; they offer unique functional attributes, which are quite unlike the bulk material. Modulation of noble metal nanoparticles in terms of size, shape and surface functionalisation has endowed them with unusual capabilities and manipulation at the chemical level, which can lead to changes in their electrical, chemical, optical, spectral and other intrinsic properties. Such flexibility in multi-functionalisation delivers 'Ockham's razor' to applied biomedical science. In this feature article, we highlight recent advances in the adaptation of noble metal nanomaterials and their biomedical applications in therapeutics, diagnostics and sensing.
贵金属包括几种在高温下甚至在腐蚀和氧化方面也具有出色抗性的金属化学元素。这个类别没有严格定义，但暂定的列表包括钌、铑、钯、银、锇、铱、铂和金，按原子序数排列。贵金属纳米粒子的新兴特性引起了转化科学领域的巨大兴趣，并导致生物技术和生物医学领域的研究和探索应用空前扩展。贵金属纳米材料可以通过自上而下和自下而上的方法以及通过生物体辅助途径来合成，并且随后根据用途领域进行适当的修饰。特别是金、银、铂和钯的纳米级类似物由于其优异的固有特性和多样化的应用而获得了主要的重要性；它们提供了独特的功能属性，与块状材料完全不同。通过尺寸、形状和表面功能化来调节贵金属纳米粒子，赋予它们在化学水平上的异常能力和操纵能力，从而导致它们的电学、化学、光学、光谱和其他固有特性发生变化。这种多功能化的灵活性为应用生物医学科学提供了“奥卡姆剃刀”。在这篇专题文章中，我们重点介绍了贵金属纳米材料的最新进展及其在治疗、诊断和传感方面的生物医学应用。
