Biomedical Engineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA.
Biomedical Engineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2019 Sep;102:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.026. Epub 2019 Apr 11.
For tissue engineering applications, a porous scaffold with an interconnected network is essential to facilitate the cell attachment and proliferation in a three dimensional (3D) structure. This study aimed to fabricate the scaffolds by an extrusion-based 3D printer using a blend of polycaprolactone (PCL), and graphene oxide (GO) as a favorable platform for bone tissue engineering. The mechanical properties, morphology, biocompatibility, and biological activities such as cell proliferation and differentiation were studied concerning the two different pore sizes; 400 μm, and 800 μm, and also with two different GO content; 0.1% (w/w) and 0.5% (w/w). The compressive strength of the scaffolds was not significantly changed due to the small amount of GO, but, as expected scaffolds with 400 μm pores showed a higher compressive modulus in comparison to the scaffolds with 800 μm pores. The data indicated that the cell attachment and proliferation were increased by adding a small amount of GO. According to the results, pore size did not play a significant role in cell proliferation and differentiation. Alkaline Phosphate (ALP) activity assay further confirmed that the GO increase the ALP activity and further Elemental analysis of Calcium and Phosphorous showed that the GO increased the mineralization compared to PCL only scaffolds. Western blot analysis showed the porous structure facilitate the secretion of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) and osteopontin at both day 7 and 14 which galvanizes the osteogenic capability of PCL and PCL + GO scaffolds.
对于组织工程应用，具有相互连通的网络的多孔支架对于促进细胞在三维（3D）结构中的附着和增殖是必不可少的。本研究旨在使用聚己内酯（PCL）和氧化石墨烯（GO）的混合物通过基于挤出的 3D 打印机来制造支架，这是骨组织工程的理想平台。研究了两种不同的孔径（400μm和800μm）和两种不同的GO含量（0.1％（w / w）和0.5％（w / w））对机械性能，形态，生物相容性和细胞增殖和分化等生物活性的影响。由于GO的含量较小，支架的压缩强度没有明显变化，但正如预期的那样，与具有 800μm孔的支架相比，具有 400μm孔的支架的压缩模量更高。数据表明，添加少量 GO 可促进细胞附着和增殖。根据结果，孔径对细胞增殖和分化没有显着影响。碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性测定进一步证实，GO 增加了 ALP 活性，并且元素分析钙和磷表明与仅 PCL 支架相比，GO 增加了矿化。Western blot 分析表明，多孔结构促进了骨形态发生蛋白-2（BMP-2）和骨桥蛋白在第 7 天和第 14 天的分泌，这增强了 PCL 和 PCL+GO 支架的成骨能力。
