James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2019 Aug;140(2):169-180. doi: 10.1111/acps.13059. Epub 2019 Jun 20.
Suicide is a major medical and social problem. Decades of suicide research have mostly focused on risk factors for suicidal behaviour while overlooking protective factors such as resilience that may help to address this important public health issue. Resilience is the capacity and dynamic process of adaptively overcoming stress and adversity while maintaining normal psychological and physical functioning. Studies conducted over the past 10-15 years suggest that resilience is a protective factor against suicide risk. Resilience is becoming a focus of suicide research and prevention. Building resilience should be a part of universal, selective, and indicated suicide prevention interventions. Promoting resilience may reduce suicide risk in the general population, in groups at elevated suicide risk, and among high-risk individuals. Building resilience in the general population may reduce the incidence of stress-related disorders and, consequently, suicidal behaviour. Improving resilience should be a part of a treatment plan of every psychiatric patient. Mental health professionals will probably have the best success in reducing suicide risk in psychiatric patients if they actively concentrate on increasing stress resilience using both psychosocial and pharmacological interventions. It is critically important to move forward the development of pharmacological and psychological interventions for enhancing resilience.
自杀是一个重大的医学和社会问题。几十年来，自杀研究主要集中在自杀行为的风险因素上，而忽略了韧性等保护因素，这些因素可能有助于解决这一重要的公共卫生问题。韧性是适应压力和逆境并保持正常心理和生理功能的能力和动态过程。过去 10-15 年的研究表明，韧性是自杀风险的保护因素。韧性正成为自杀研究和预防的焦点。培养韧性应该成为普遍、选择性和有针对性的自杀预防干预措施的一部分。促进韧性可能会降低普通人群、处于高自杀风险人群和高危个体的自杀风险。在普通人群中培养韧性可能会降低与压力相关的障碍的发生率，从而减少自杀行为。提高韧性应该成为每个精神病人治疗计划的一部分。精神卫生专业人员如果积极使用心理社会和药物干预措施，专注于提高抗压能力，那么他们在降低精神病人的自杀风险方面可能会取得最大的成功。推进增强韧性的药理学和心理学干预措施的发展至关重要。
