Bakken V, Skokauskas N, Sund A M, Kaasbøll Jannike
Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU Central Norway), Trondheim, Norway.
BMC Public Health. 2025 May 24;25(1):1920. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-23131-2.
Understanding suicidality requires a lifespan perspective, yet knowledge of protective factors spanning from adolescence into adulthood remains limited, particularly when examined through qualitative approaches. Our study bridges this gap by exploring retrospective experiences of protective factors for suicidality, as expressed by adults who have faced suicidal ideation (SI) and/or suicide attempts (SA) in their adolescence, and in some cases, later in life.
Participants were recruited from the Norwegian Youth and Mental Health Study, a representative population-based cohort. Inclusion criteria were prior self-reported SI or SA during adolescence and participation in the latest cohort follow-up (2012). Fourteen individuals evenly distributed by gender aged 38 to 40 participated in this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and reflexive thematic analysis was used.
Four overarching protective factor themes were identified: meaningful relationships and connectedness, support from external sources, positive changes in social-environmental context, acceptance and enhanced understanding. Participants described social and environmental protective factors as particularly influential, shaping individual resilience and adaptive responses, highlighting their significance in suicide prevention efforts across developmental stages.
This study advances the understanding of suicidality from adolescence to adulthood by capturing the lived experiences of those affected. The role of social and environmental protective factors was paramount in shaping adults' reflections of suicidality and its long-term impacts. It underscores the need for early interventions and further research on protective factors' evolvement over time.
理解自杀行为需要从一生的视角出发，但对于从青春期到成年期的保护因素的了解仍然有限，尤其是通过定性方法进行研究时。我们的研究通过探索有自杀意念（SI）和/或自杀未遂（SA）经历的成年人（他们在青春期，有些情况下在成年后期经历过这些）对自杀行为保护因素的回顾性体验，填补了这一空白。
参与者从挪威青年与心理健康研究中招募，这是一个具有代表性的基于人群的队列研究。纳入标准是在青春期曾自我报告有自杀意念或自杀未遂，并且参与了最新的队列随访（2012年）。14名年龄在38至40岁之间、性别均衡分布的个体参与了本研究。进行了半结构化访谈，并采用了反思性主题分析。
确定了四个总体保护因素主题：有意义的关系与联系、外部支持、社会环境背景的积极变化、接纳与增强理解。参与者将社会和环境保护因素描述为特别有影响力，塑造了个体的复原力和适应性反应，凸显了它们在跨发育阶段自杀预防工作中的重要性。
本研究通过捕捉受影响者的生活经历，推进了对从青春期到成年期自杀行为的理解。社会和环境保护因素在塑造成年人对自杀行为及其长期影响的反思方面起着至关重要的作用。它强调了早期干预以及对保护因素随时间演变进行进一步研究的必要性。
