Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Viruses. 2019 May 30;11(6):495. doi: 10.3390/v11060495.
Human norovirus is a major human pathogen causing the majority of cases of viral gastroenteritis globally. Viral entry is the first step of the viral life cycle and is a significant determinant of cell tropism, host range, immune interactions, and pathogenesis. Bile salts and histo-blood group antigens are key mediators of norovirus entry; however, the molecular mechanisms by which these molecules promote infection and the identity of a potential human norovirus receptor remain unknown. Recently, there have been several important advances in norovirus entry biology including the identification of CD300lf as the receptor for murine norovirus and of the role of the minor capsid protein VP2 in viral genome release. Here, we will review the current understanding about norovirus attachment and entry and highlight important future directions.
人类诺如病毒是一种主要的人类病原体，导致了全球大多数病毒性肠胃炎病例。病毒进入是病毒生命周期的第一步，也是决定细胞嗜性、宿主范围、免疫相互作用和发病机制的重要因素。胆盐和组织血型抗原是诺如病毒进入的关键介质；然而，这些分子促进感染的分子机制以及潜在的人类诺如病毒受体的身份仍然未知。最近，在诺如病毒进入生物学方面取得了几项重要进展，包括鉴定出 CD300lf 是鼠诺如病毒的受体，以及次要衣壳蛋白 VP2 在病毒基因组释放中的作用。在这里，我们将回顾目前对诺如病毒附着和进入的理解，并强调重要的未来方向。
