Sport and Exercise Science, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Australia; Thermal Ergonomics Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia.
Sport and Exercise Science, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Australia.
J Sci Med Sport. 2019 Aug;22(8):912-917. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.04.009. Epub 2019 May 4.
The study examined if three feasible strategies involving additional in-play cooling periods attenuate the core (rectal) temperature rise during simulated football matches.
Four counterbalanced experimental trials in an environmental chamber set to 35 °C ambient temperature, 55% relative humidity, and 30 °C WBGT.
Twelve healthy well-trained football players completed a regular simulated match (REG), regular simulated match with additional 3-min cooling periods at the 30-min mark of each half inclusive of chilled water consumption (COOL), regular simulated match with additional 3-min cooling periods at the 30-min mark of each half inclusive of chilled water consumption and the application of an ice towel around the neck (COOL), regular simulated match with an extended (+5 min; total of 20-min) half-time break (HT).
The difference in rectal temperature change was significantly lower in the COOL (-0.25 °C), COOL (-0.28 °C), and HT (-0.21 °C) trials in comparison to the REG (all p < 0.05). Exercising heart rate and session rating of perceived exertion was lower in the COOL (-13 bpm; -1.4 au), COOL (-10 bpm; -1.3 au), and HT (-8 bpm; -0.9 au) trials in comparison to the REG trial (all p < 0.05). The cooling interventions did not significantly change skin temperature or thermal sensation in comparison to the REG (all p > 0.05).
All three cooling interventions attenuated core body thermal strain during simulated matches. The laboratory-based study supports the use of brief in-play cooling periods as a means to attenuate the rise in core temperature during matches in hot and humid conditions.
本研究旨在探讨三种可行的策略（即在每半场 30 分钟时增加 3 分钟冷却期，包括冷水摄入；在每半场 30 分钟时增加 3 分钟冷却期，同时颈部敷上冰毛巾；将中场休息时间延长 5 分钟）是否能减轻模拟足球比赛中核心（直肠）温度的升高。
在环境室中进行了四项平衡的实验试验，环境室的环境温度为 35°C，相对湿度为 55%，WBGT 为 30°C。
12 名健康且训练有素的足球运动员完成了常规模拟比赛（REG）、常规模拟比赛，每半场 30 分钟时增加 3 分钟冷却期，包括冷水摄入（COOL）、常规模拟比赛，每半场 30 分钟时增加 3 分钟冷却期，同时颈部敷上冰毛巾（COOL）、常规模拟比赛，中场休息时间延长 5 分钟（总共 20 分钟）（HT）。
与 REG 相比，COOL（-0.25°C）、COOL（-0.28°C）和 HT（-0.21°C）试验中直肠温度变化的差异明显较低（均 p<0.05）。与 REG 相比，COOL（-13 bpm；-1.4 au）、COOL（-10 bpm；-1.3 au）和 HT（-8 bpm；-0.9 au）试验中运动时的心率和运动后感觉等级较低（均 p<0.05）。与 REG 相比，冷却干预并没有显著改变皮肤温度或热感觉（均 p>0.05）。
所有三种冷却干预措施都能减轻模拟比赛中核心身体的热应激。这项基于实验室的研究支持在炎热和潮湿的条件下，使用短暂的比赛中冷却期来减轻核心温度的升高。
