Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China.
School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuchang, China.
J Sci Food Agric. 2019 Nov;99(14):6139-6154. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.9836. Epub 2019 Aug 26.
Tomato is an important food item and a cocktail of phytonutrients. In the current study, metabolites from a non-pathogenic fungal species Penicillium oxalicum have been exploited to obtain nutritionally augmented tomato fruits from the plants to better withstand against Alternaria alternata infection.
Initially, bioactivity-guided assay and chromatographic analyses identified the bioactive metabolites of P. oxalicum [benzenedicarboxylic acid (BDA) and benzimidazole]. Then, ≥3 times elevated quantities of vitamins and other nutritional elements (protein, fat, fibers, and carbohydrates) were achieved by the foliar application of BDA. The maximum increase (625.81%) was recorded in riboflavin contents; however, thiamine showed the second highest enhancement (542.86%). Plant metabolites analysis revealed that jasmonic acid contents were boosted 121.53% to significantly enhance guaiacyl lignin defenses along with the reduction in coumarin contents. The protein profile analysis explored three most actively responding protein species toward BDA applications, (i) palmitoyltransferase protein Q9FLM3; (ii) serine/threonine-protein kinase O48814; and (iii) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Q9FJQ8. The O48814 improved plant defenses; whereas, Q9FJQ8 protein was negatively regulating cysteine-type endopeptidase activity and assisted plant to resist schedule alterations. Tomato cultivar with more active innate metabolism was found to be more responsive toward BDA. Furthermore, the bioactive compounds were enriched by using the two-step extraction method of ethyl acetate and chloroform, respectively.
Penicillium oxalicum a non-pathogenic fungal species, produced BDA, induced nutritional contents in tomato and protected it against Alternaria alternata. The current study is the first report on the bioactivity of BDA and benzimidazole concerning the nutritional enhancement and plant defense improvement. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
番茄既是一种重要的食物，也是植物营养素的混合物。在本研究中，利用非致病性真菌物种草酸青霉（Penicillium oxalicum）的代谢产物，从植物中获得营养增强的番茄果实，以更好地抵御交链孢菌（Alternaria alternata）的感染。
最初，生物活性导向的测定和色谱分析确定了草酸青霉的生物活性代谢产物（苯二甲酸（BDA）和苯并咪唑）。然后，通过叶面喷施 BDA，使维生素和其他营养元素（蛋白质、脂肪、纤维和碳水化合物）的含量增加了 3 倍以上。核黄素含量的增加最大（625.81%）；然而，硫胺素显示出第二高的增强（542.86%）。植物代谢产物分析表明，茉莉酸含量提高了 121.53%，以显著增强愈创木基木质素防御，同时降低香豆素含量。蛋白质谱分析探讨了 BDA 应用中最活跃的 3 种反应蛋白种类，（i）棕榈酰转移酶蛋白 Q9FLM3；（ii）丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶 O48814；和（iii）E3 泛素蛋白连接酶 Q9FJQ8。O48814 增强了植物防御；而 Q9FJQ8 蛋白则负调控半胱氨酸内肽酶活性，帮助植物抵抗生物钟改变。具有更活跃固有代谢的番茄品种对 BDA 的反应更为敏感。此外，还分别采用乙酸乙酯和氯仿两步提取法富集了生物活性化合物。
非致病性真菌物种草酸青霉产生 BDA，可诱导番茄中的营养物质含量增加，并保护其免受交链孢菌的侵害。本研究首次报道了 BDA 和苯并咪唑在营养增强和植物防御改善方面的生物活性。© 2019 化学工业协会。
