体质指数、身体活动、久坐行为、睡眠与来自中低收入城市环境的学龄前儿童粗大运动技能熟练度的关系。
Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Sleep, and Gross Motor Skill Proficiency in Preschool Children From a Low- to Middle-Income Urban Setting.
出版信息
J Phys Act Health. 2019 Jun 27;16(7):525-532. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0133.
BACKGROUND
Limited research reports on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), sleep, and gross motor skills (GMS) in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to (1) describe BMI, PA, SB, sleep duration, and GMS proficiency in South African preschool children and (2) identify relationships between variables.
METHODS
BMI, including z scores for height, weight, and BMI were determined. Seven-day PA, SB, and sleep were measured using accelerometry. GMS were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development (second edition). Associations were explored by comparing sleep, PA, SB, and GMS between BMI tertiles using the Kruskal-Wallis test.
RESULTS
Most (86%) children (n = 78, 50% boys) had a healthy BMI (15.7 [1.3] kg/m2). Children spent 560.5 (52.9) minutes per day in light- to vigorous-intensity PA and 90.9 (30.0) minutes per day in moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA; most (83%) met the current PA guideline. Nocturnal sleep duration was low (9.28 [0.80] h/d). Although daytime naps increased 24-hour sleep duration (10.17 [0.71] h/d), 38% were classified as short sleepers. Around half (54.9%) of participants complied with both PA and sleep guidelines. No associations between variables were found.
CONCLUSION
Despite being lean, sufficiently active, and having adequate GMS, many children were short sleepers, highlighting a possible area for intervention.
背景
在中低收入国家，关于体重指数（BMI）与身体活动（PA）、久坐行为（SB）、睡眠和粗大运动技能（GMS）之间关系的研究报告有限。本研究旨在：（1）描述南非学龄前儿童的 BMI、PA、SB、睡眠持续时间和 GMS 熟练程度；（2）确定变量之间的关系。
方法
通过使用加速度计来测定 BMI 及身高、体重和 BMI 的 z 分数。用 7 天 PA、SB 和睡眠来进行测量。用粗大运动发育测试（第二版）来评估 GMS。通过 Kruskal-Wallis 检验比较 BMI 三分位组之间的睡眠、PA、SB 和 GMS，来探讨相关性。
结果
大多数（86%）儿童（n = 78，50%为男性）BMI 正常（15.7 [1.3] kg/m2）。儿童每天进行轻到剧烈强度的 PA 活动 560.5（52.9）分钟，每天进行中到剧烈强度的 PA 活动 90.9（30.0）分钟；大多数（83%）达到了当前的 PA 指南。夜间睡眠时间较短（9.28 [0.80] h/d）。尽管白天小睡增加了 24 小时的睡眠时间（10.17 [0.71] h/d），但仍有 38%的儿童被归类为短睡者。约一半（54.9%）的参与者同时符合 PA 和睡眠指南。各变量之间没有相关性。
结论
尽管儿童偏瘦、活动充足且 GMS 较好，但许多儿童的睡眠时间较短，这突显了一个可能需要干预的领域。
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