Ain Qura Tul, Haq Samina Hyder, Alshammari Abeer, Al-Mutlaq Moudhi Abdullah, Anjum Muhammad Naeem
Department of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Beilstein J Nanotechnol. 2019 Apr 18;10:901-911. doi: 10.3762/bjnano.10.91. eCollection 2019.
Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in the pathology of certain human diseases. Scientists have developed great interest regarding the determination of oxidative stress caused after the administration of nano-graphene composites (PEG-nGO). Graphene oxide sheets (GOS) were synthesized via a modified Hummer's method and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The method of Zhang was adopted for cracking of GOS. Then nano-graphene oxide was PEGylated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). PEGylation of nGO was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV spectroscopy and TEM. The average size distribution of nGO and PEG-nGO was determined by using dynamic light scattering (DLS). Subsequently, an in vivo study measuring a marker for oxidative stress, namely lipid peroxides, as well as antioxidant agents, including catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and glutathione S-transferase was conducted. A comparison at different intervals of time after the administration of a dose (5 mg/kg) of PEG-nGO was carried out. An increase in free radicals and a decrease in free radical scavenging enzymes in organs were observed. Our results indicated that the treatment with PEG-nGO caused an increased OS to the organs in the first few hours of treatment. However, the liver completely recovered from the OS after 4 h. Brain, heart and kidneys showed an increased OS even after 4 h. In conclusion increased OS induced by PEG-nGO could be detrimental to brain, heart and kidneys.
氧化应激（OS）在某些人类疾病的病理过程中起着重要作用。科学家们对纳米石墨烯复合材料（PEG-nGO）给药后引起的氧化应激的测定产生了浓厚兴趣。氧化石墨烯片（GOS）通过改良的Hummer法合成，并通过X射线衍射（XRD）、紫外可见光谱（UV）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）进行表征。采用Zhang的方法对GOS进行裂解。然后用聚乙二醇（PEG）对纳米氧化石墨烯进行聚乙二醇化。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、紫外光谱和TEM确认了nGO的聚乙二醇化。使用动态光散射（DLS）测定nGO和PEG-nGO的平均尺寸分布。随后，进行了一项体内研究，测量氧化应激标志物脂质过氧化物以及抗氧化剂，包括过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶。在给予剂量为5mg/kg的PEG-nGO后的不同时间间隔进行了比较。观察到器官中自由基增加，自由基清除酶减少。我们的结果表明，在治疗的最初几个小时内，PEG-nGO治疗导致器官的氧化应激增加。然而，肝脏在4小时后从氧化应激中完全恢复。即使在4小时后，脑、心脏和肾脏的氧化应激仍增加。总之，PEG-nGO诱导的氧化应激增加可能对脑、心脏和肾脏有害。
