Cytotoxicity and cell cycle analysis of and on breast and prostate cancer cell lines.

AIMS

Medicinal plants play an important role in our African communities for treatment and prevention of various diseases including cancer. This study was aimed on evaluating the cytotoxicity activities of and

MAIN METHODS

cytotoxicity screening was carried out using fluorescent cellular stains on human prostate cancer (PC3), human breast cancer (MCF-7) and the non-cancerous African green monkey kidney (Vero) cell lines. The cells were imaged with the ImageXpress Micro XLS Widefield fluorescent Microscope, and the acquired images were analysed using the MetaXpress software and the Multi-Wavelength cell scoring application module. Melphalan was used as a positive control in all experiments.

KEY FINDINGS

methanol and dichloromethane extracts exhibited cytotoxicity activity against breast cancer cells with IC values of 97.6 μg/mL and 69.15 μg/mL, respectively. Cell cycle analysis suggested that methanol extract induced cell death selectively through apoptosis observed from Annexin V-FITC and PI stain. Cell cycle analysis also showed that dichloromethane extracts induced breast cancer cells death through cell arrest at the synthesis phase and G2 phase. dichloromethane extracts further showed cytotoxicity activity against prostate cancer cells with IC values of 69.25 μg/mL due to cell arrest at the G2 and early mitotic (G2/M) phase.

SIGNIFICANCE

We, therefore, propose that the methanol extract of is a suitable aspirant for future breast cancer chemotherapeutic drug, due to its selective cytotoxicity on cancer cells and not on non-cancerous cells.