Zabawa Luke, Alland Jeremy A
University of Illinois at Chicago Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Orthop J Sports Med. 2019 May 20;7(5):2325967119846314. doi: 10.1177/2325967119846314. eCollection 2019 May.
Injuries continue to rise among youth baseball players despite extensive research into prevention and the availability of throwing guidelines such as Pitch Smart. More research is needed to understand whether adherence to the current guidelines decreases injuries.
To understand the degree to which parents are aware of the Pitch Smart guidelines, whether parents adhere to the guidelines, and whether adherence results in decreased injuries in youth baseball players.
Cross-sectional study.
An anonymous, internet-based survey consisting of 44 items was distributed to parents of adolescent baseball players affiliated with various youth baseball organizations across the midwestern United States; 15 items on the survey served as assessment questions of the Pitch Smart guidelines. Absolute and percentage correct scores were calculated and compared by use of a Student test. A chi-square analysis was used to compare discrete data. A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine whether showcase participation predicted player injury.
A total of 853 parents completed the survey. The mean ± SD age of the players on whom parents reported was 11.37 ± 3.5 years (range, 6-20 years). Among the cohort, 422 players regularly pitched. Regarding Pitch Smart guidelines, the percentage of correct answers by parents was 55.44% ± 0.3% for a player with a reported injury history and 62.14% ± 0.2% for a player without an injury history ( = .012). The number of correct answers was 8.03 ± 4.0 for the group with an injury history and 9.17 ± 3.2 for the group with no history of injury ( = .004). Binary logistic regression analysis, which controlled for age, indicated that showcase participation ( = .001, β = 1.043 ± 0.026, = 0.178) was a significant predictor of player injury.
Pitchers are at an increased risk of injury compared with nonpitchers. Parents who are knowledgeable about the Pitch Smart throwing guidelines and actively follow them are significantly less likely to have a child with an injury. Excessive showcase participation is predictive of player injury when the analysis controls for age.
尽管对青少年棒球运动员的预防措施进行了广泛研究，且有诸如“明智投球”（Pitch Smart）等投球指导方针，但青少年棒球运动员的受伤情况仍在不断增加。需要更多研究来了解遵循当前指导方针是否能减少受伤情况。
了解家长对“明智投球”指导方针的知晓程度、家长是否遵循这些指导方针，以及遵循这些指导方针是否能减少青少年棒球运动员的受伤情况。
横断面研究。
一项包含44个项目的匿名网络调查被分发给美国中西部各地不同青少年棒球组织的青少年棒球运动员的家长；调查中的15个项目用作对“明智投球”指导方针的评估问题。通过使用学生t检验计算并比较绝对正确分数和百分比正确分数。使用卡方分析比较离散数据。进行二元逻辑回归分析以确定参加展示赛是否可预测球员受伤情况。
共有853名家长完成了调查。家长报告的球员的平均年龄±标准差为11.37±3.5岁（范围为6 - 20岁）。在该队列中，422名球员经常投球。关于“明智投球”指导方针，有受伤史的球员的家长的正确答案百分比为55.44%±0.3%，无受伤史的球员的家长的正确答案百分比为62.14%±0.2%（P = 0.012）。有受伤史的组的正确答案数量为8.03±4.0，无受伤史的组的正确答案数量为9.17±3.2（P = 0.004）。控制年龄的二元逻辑回归分析表明，参加展示赛（P = 0.001，β = 1.043±0.026，OR = 0.178）是球员受伤的显著预测因素。
与非投手相比，投手受伤的风险更高。了解“明智投球”投球指导方针并积极遵循这些方针的家长，其孩子受伤的可能性显著降低。当分析控制年龄时，过多参加展示赛可预测球员受伤。
