Molineaux L, Shidrawi G R, Clarke J L, Boulzaguet J R, Ashkar T S
Bull World Health Organ. 1979;57(2):265-74.
The reduction in average age of a vector population after application of a residual insecticide is commonly interpreted under the implicit assumption that the vector population is uniformly exposed to the insecticide. This assumption maximizes the calculated impact of the insecticide on the vectorial capacity. An alternative assumption, namely that the vector population is composed of two subpopulations, one endophilic and exposed, the other exophilic and not exposed, leads to a much smaller calculated impact of insecticide on the vectorial capacity. This is illustrated with data collected before and after application of propoxur in the Garki District, Kano State, Nigeria. These data were also used to estimate, on the one hand, before spraying, the proportion of blood meals taken by Anopheles gambiae s.l. on man that are followed by rest indoors, and on the other hand, after spraying, the proportion exposed after the first blood meal, according to the model of non-uniform exposure; the two estimates agree fairly well. The discussion compares the models of uniform and non-uniform exposure in terms of plausibility and concludes that the latter is more realistic. It is therefore prudent to take it into account when evaluating the impact of insecticides on the transmission of malaria.
在使用残留杀虫剂后，媒介种群平均年龄的降低通常是在媒介种群均匀接触杀虫剂这一隐含假设下进行解释的。该假设使杀虫剂对媒介能量的计算影响最大化。另一种假设是，媒介种群由两个亚种群组成，一个是嗜内性且接触杀虫剂的，另一个是嗜外性且未接触杀虫剂的，这会使杀虫剂对媒介能量的计算影响小得多。尼日利亚卡诺州加尔基地区使用残杀威前后收集的数据说明了这一点。这些数据还被用来一方面在喷洒前估计冈比亚按蚊复合体吸食人血后在室内休息的比例，另一方面在喷洒后根据非均匀接触模型估计首次吸血后接触杀虫剂的比例；这两个估计结果相当吻合。讨论从合理性方面比较了均匀接触和非均匀接触模型，并得出后者更现实的结论。因此，在评估杀虫剂对疟疾传播的影响时考虑到这一点是审慎的做法。
