Tirados I, Costantini C, Gibson G, Torr S J
FARM-Africa, London, U.K.
Med Vet Entomol. 2006 Dec;20(4):425-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2006.652.x.
Feeding behaviour of the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae) was monitored for 12 months (March 2003-February 2004) in the Konso District of southern Ethiopia (5 degrees 15'N, 37 degrees 28'E). More than 45 000 An. arabiensis females were collected by host-baited sampling methods (light-traps, human landing catches, cattle-baited traps) and from resting sites (huts and pit shelters). In the village of Fuchucha, where the ratio of cattle : humans was 0.6 : 1, 51% of outdoor-resting mosquitoes and 66% of those collected indoors had fed on humans, human baits outdoors caught > 2.5 times more mosquitoes than those indoors and the mean catch of mosquitoes from pit shelters was about five times that from huts. Overall, the vast majority of feeding and resting occurred outdoors. In the cattle camps of Konso, where humans slept outdoors close to their cattle, approximately 46% of resting mosquitoes collected outdoors had fed on humans despite the high cattle : human ratio (17 : 1). In both places, relatively high proportions of bloodmeals were mixed cow + human: 22-25% at Fuchucha and 37% in the cattle camps. Anthropophily was also gauged experimentally by comparing the numbers of mosquitoes caught in odour-baited entry traps baited with either human or cattle odour. The human-baited trap caught about five times as many mosquitoes as the cattle-baited one. Notwithstanding the potential pitfalls of using standard sampling devices to analyse mosquito behaviour, the results suggest that the An. arabiensis population is inherently anthropophagic, but this is counterbalanced by exophagic and postprandial exophilic tendencies. Consequently, the population feeds sufficiently on humans to transmit malaria (sporozoite rates: 0.3% for Plasmodium falciparum and 0.5% for P. vivax, by detection of circumsporozoite antigen) but also takes a high proportion of meals from non-human hosts, with 59-91% of resting mosquitoes containing blood from cattle. Hence, classical zooprophylaxis is unlikely to have a significant impact on the malaria vectorial capacity of An. arabiensis in Konso, whereas treating cattle with insecticide might do.
2003年3月至2004年2月的12个月期间，在埃塞俄比亚南部的孔索地区（北纬5度15分，东经37度28分）监测了疟蚊阿拉伯按蚊（双翅目：蚊科）的摄食行为。通过宿主诱捕采样方法（诱虫灯、人饵诱捕、牛饵诱捕）以及在休息场所（房屋和坑式庇护所）收集了超过45000只阿拉伯按蚊雌蚊。在富楚查村，牛与人的比例为0.6:1，51%的室外栖息蚊子和66%的室内捕获蚊子以人血为食，室外人饵捕获的蚊子比室内多2.5倍以上，坑式庇护所捕获的蚊子平均数量约为房屋的五倍。总体而言，绝大多数摄食和栖息行为发生在室外。在孔索的牛营地，人们在靠近牛群的室外睡觉，尽管牛与人的比例很高（17:1），但在室外收集的栖息蚊子中约46%以人血为食。在这两个地方，相对较高比例的血餐是牛血和人血混合的：富楚查为22 - 25%，牛营地为37%。还通过比较用人或牛的气味诱饵的气味诱捕进入陷阱中捕获的蚊子数量，对嗜人习性进行了实验测定。人饵诱捕陷阱捕获的蚊子数量约为牛饵诱捕陷阱的五倍。尽管使用标准采样设备分析蚊子行为存在潜在缺陷，但结果表明阿拉伯按蚊种群天生具有嗜人习性，但这被外栖性和餐后趋外性倾向所抵消。因此，该种群以人血为食的量足以传播疟疾（通过检测环子孢子抗原，恶性疟原虫的子孢子率为0.3%，间日疟原虫为0.5%），但也有很大比例的餐食来自非人类宿主，59 - 91%的栖息蚊子含有牛血。因此，传统的动物宿主防护措施不太可能对孔索地区阿拉伯按蚊的传疟能力产生重大影响，而用杀虫剂处理牛群可能会有效果。
