Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Jun 18;20(12):2970. doi: 10.3390/ijms20122970.
The sharing of molecules function that affects both tumor growth and neoangiogenesis with cells of the immune system creates a mutual interplay that impairs the host's immune response against tumor progression. Increasing evidence shows that tumors are able to create an immunosuppressive microenvironment by recruiting specific immune cells. Moreover, molecules produced by tumor and inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment create an immunosuppressive milieu able to inhibit the development of an efficient immune response against cancer cells and thus fostering tumor growth and progression. In addition, the immunoediting could select cancer cells that are less immunogenic or more resistant to lysis. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the immunomodulatory effects and cancer progression of the angiogenic growth factor namely placental growth factor (PlGF) and address the biological complex effects of this cytokine. Different pathways of the innate and adaptive immune response in which, directly or indirectly, PlGF is involved in promoting tumor immune escape and metastasis will be described. PlGF is important for building up vascular structures and functions. Although PlGF effects on vascular and tumor growth have been widely summarized, its functions in modulating the immune intra-tumoral microenvironment have been less highlighted. In agreement with PlGF functions, different antitumor strategies can be envisioned.
分子功能的共享影响肿瘤生长和新血管生成与免疫系统的细胞，这会产生一种相互作用，损害宿主对肿瘤进展的免疫反应。越来越多的证据表明，肿瘤能够通过招募特定的免疫细胞来创造一个免疫抑制的微环境。此外，肿瘤和炎症细胞在肿瘤微环境中产生的分子创造了一个免疫抑制的环境，能够抑制对癌细胞产生有效免疫反应，从而促进肿瘤生长和进展。此外，免疫编辑可以选择免疫原性较低或对裂解更耐受的癌细胞。在这篇综述中，我们总结了关于血管生成生长因子即胎盘生长因子（PlGF）的免疫调节作用和癌症进展的最新发现，并探讨了这种细胞因子的生物学复杂效应。我们将描述先天和适应性免疫反应的不同途径，其中 PlGF 直接或间接地参与促进肿瘤免疫逃逸和转移。PlGF 对建立血管结构和功能很重要。尽管 PlGF 对血管和肿瘤生长的作用已被广泛总结，但它在调节肿瘤内免疫微环境方面的功能却鲜为人知。与 PlGF 的功能一致，可以设想不同的抗肿瘤策略。
