Jennings G, Nelson L, Korner P, Esler M
Clinical Research Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
Nephron. 1987;47 Suppl 1:30-3. doi: 10.1159/000184549.
The antihypertensive effects of exercise have been examined in 2 randomized studies of multiple levels of activity. In 12 normal subjects, 1 month's exercise 3 times weekly lowered blood pressure (BP) and vascular resistance. There was only a slightly greater effect after 7 times/week exercise. In most subjects there was a marked reduction in noradrenaline spillover rate, a measure of sympathetic activity. Exercise also improved glucose utilization and lowered plasma cholesterol. Thirteen previously untreated patients with essential hypertension had an average fall in BP of 11/9 and 16/11 mm Hg after 1 month each of 3/week and 7/week exercise respectively, again associated with fall in vascular resistance and a 20-30% reduction in plasma noradrenaline. BP remained lowered by 3/week exercise for 1 year. In patients who had BP controlled with drug for greater than 1 year, exercise 3 times weekly also prevented the redevelopment of hypertension after long-term drug therapy was ceased. Regular exercise is useful in the initial management of patients with mild hypertension. In more severely hypertensive patients, exercise may also be effective after an initial period of drug therapy.
在两项关于多种活动水平的随机研究中，对运动的降压效果进行了检验。在12名正常受试者中，每周进行3次、为期1个月的运动可降低血压（BP）和血管阻力。每周进行7次运动后的效果仅略好一些。在大多数受试者中，去甲肾上腺素溢出率（一种交感神经活动指标）显著降低。运动还改善了葡萄糖利用并降低了血浆胆固醇。13名先前未经治疗的原发性高血压患者，在分别进行每周3次和每周7次运动、各为期1个月后，血压平均下降了11/9和16/11毫米汞柱，同样与血管阻力下降以及血浆去甲肾上腺素降低20%至30%相关。每周进行3次运动可使血压在1年内保持降低状态。对于血压已通过药物控制超过1年的患者，每周进行3次运动还可防止在长期药物治疗停止后高血压的复发。规律运动对轻度高血压患者的初始治疗有益。在重度高血压患者中，经过一段时间的药物治疗后，运动也可能有效。
