Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2019 Oct;60:103-110. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.05.007. Epub 2019 Jun 19.
Regulated cell death via apoptosis not only is important for organismal homeostasis but also serves as an innate defense mechanism. The engulfment of apoptotic infected cells, a process known as efferocytosis, is a common pathway for the destruction of many intracellular bacteria. Some pathogens take advantage of efferocytosis to prevent activation of macrophages and thereby facilitate their dissemination. Conversely, many obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens and some facultative-intracellular bacteria inhibit apoptosis, preventing efferocytosis, and evading innate host defenses. The molecular mechanism of bacterial effectors includes secreted proteins that bind to and inhibit apoptosis cell signaling pathways. We provide an overview of the known bacterial effectors, their host cell targets and their importance for the virulence of human pathogens.
通过细胞凋亡进行的程序性细胞死亡不仅对机体稳态很重要，而且是先天防御机制的一个组成部分。凋亡感染细胞的吞噬作用，即噬作用，是许多胞内细菌破坏的常见途径。一些病原体利用噬作用来防止巨噬细胞的激活，从而促进其传播。相反，许多严格的胞内细菌病原体和一些兼性胞内细菌抑制细胞凋亡，防止噬作用，并逃避先天宿主防御。细菌效应物的分子机制包括与凋亡细胞信号通路结合并抑制其活性的分泌蛋白。我们概述了已知的细菌效应物、它们的宿主细胞靶标及其对人类病原体毒力的重要性。
