Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Acta Trop. 2019 Sep;197:105069. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105069. Epub 2019 Jun 21.
Horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) are of medical and veterinary importance since they transmit a range of pathogens. The horse fly fauna of tropical Africa is still poorly known, and in some geographical areas has not been studied for decades. This study summarizes the results of tabanid collections performed in three West African countries where only sparse data were previously available, the Central African Republic (CAR), Gabon and Liberia. Of 1093 collected specimens, 28 morphospecies and 26 genospecies belonging to six genera were identified, including the first findings of eleven morphospecies in the countries where horse flies were collected: Philoliche (Subpangonia) gravoti Surcouf, 1908 and Tabanus ianthinus Surcouf, 1907 are new records for Liberia; Ancala fasciata f. mixta (Surcouf, 1914), Tabanus fraternus Macquart, 1846, and T. triquetrornatus Carter, 1915 for CAR; Chrysops longicornis Macquart, 1838, Haematopota albihirta Karsch, 1887, H. bowdeni Oldroyd, 1952, and H. brucei Austen, 1908 for Gabon; and Tabanus secedens f. regnaulti Surcouf, 1912 and T. thoracinus Palisot de Beauvois, 1807 for Gabon and Liberia. Species identification of all 28 morphospecies based on morphological features was further supplemented by barcoding of cytochrome oxidase I (COI). Based on the COI sequences of 115 specimens representing 74 haplotypes, a phylogenetic tree was constructed to illustrate the relationships among the tabanid species found and to demonstrate their intra- and interspecific divergences. Our study enriches the current number of barcoded tabanids with another 22 genospecies. Based on the analysis of molecular data we question the taxonomic relevance of the morphological forms Ancala fasciata f. mixta and Tabanus secedens f. regnaulti. A parasitological survey based on nested PCR of 18S rRNA revealed a high (˜25%) prevalence of Trypanosoma theileri in the studied horse flies, accompanied by two species of monoxenous trypanosomatids, Crithidia mellificae and Blastocrithidia sp.
马蝇（双翅目：虻科）具有医学和兽医学重要性，因为它们传播多种病原体。热带非洲的马蝇区系仍然知之甚少，在一些地理区域，几十年来一直没有进行研究。本研究总结了在三个西非国家进行的虻科昆虫采集结果，这些国家之前只有很少的数据，这三个国家是中非共和国（中非）、加蓬和利比里亚。在采集到的 1093 个标本中，鉴定出 28 个形态种和 26 个基因种，分属于 6 个属，其中包括在采集马蝇的国家中首次发现的 11 个形态种：Philoliche (Subpangonia) gravoti Surcouf, 1908 和 Tabanus ianthinus Surcouf, 1907 是利比里亚的新记录；Ancala fasciata f. mixta (Surcouf, 1914)、Tabanus fraternus Macquart, 1846 和 T. triquetrornatus Carter, 1915 是中非的新记录；Chrysops longicornis Macquart, 1838、Haematopota albihirta Karsch, 1887、H. bowdeni Oldroyd, 1952 和 H. brucei Austen, 1908 是加蓬的新记录；Tabanus secedens f. regnaulti Surcouf, 1912 和 T. thoracinus Palisot de Beauvois, 1807 是加蓬和利比里亚的新记录。基于形态特征对所有 28 个形态种进行的物种鉴定，进一步通过细胞色素氧化酶 I（COI）的条形码补充。基于代表 74 个单倍型的 115 个标本的 COI 序列，构建了一个系统发育树，以说明发现的虻科物种之间的关系，并展示它们的种内和种间差异。我们的研究通过另 22 个基因种丰富了当前的条形码虻科昆虫数量。基于分子数据分析，我们对形态形式 Ancala fasciata f. mixta 和 Tabanus secedens f. regnaulti 的分类学相关性提出了质疑。基于 18S rRNA 的嵌套 PCR 的寄生虫调查显示，在所研究的马蝇中，锥虫（Trypanosoma theileri）的高（约 25%）流行率，伴随着两种单性繁殖的锥虫，即 Crithidia mellificae 和 Blastocrithidia sp.
