Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, P.O. box 30, Kazan, 420111, Russia.
Neuropharmacology Lab, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St, Kazan, 420008, Russia.
Amino Acids. 2019 Aug;51(8):1093-1102. doi: 10.1007/s00726-019-02754-x. Epub 2019 Jun 24.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. Since the 1970s, many studies have focused on the role of GABA in the mammalian peripheral nervous system, and particularly in the cholinergic synapses. In this review, we present current findings for the cholinergic neurons of vegetative ganglia as well as for the neurons innervating smooth and striated muscles. Synaptic contacts formed by these neurons contain GABA and the enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase, which catalyzes the synthesis of GABA from glutamate. Newly formed GABA is released in the cholinergic synapses and mostly all the peripheral cholinergic synaptic contacts contain iono- and metabotropic GABA receptors. Although the underlying molecular mechanism of the release is not well understood, still, it is speculated that GABA is released by a vesicular and/or non-vesicular way via reversal of the GABA transporter. We also review the signaling role of GABA in the peripheral cholinergic synapses by modulating acetylcholine release, but its exact physiological function remains to be elucidated.
γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）是哺乳动物中枢神经系统中的主要抑制性神经递质。自 20 世纪 70 年代以来，许多研究都集中在 GABA 在哺乳动物周围神经系统中的作用，特别是在胆碱能突触中的作用。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了植物性神经节的胆碱能神经元以及支配平滑肌和横纹肌的神经元的最新发现。这些神经元形成的突触含有 GABA 和谷氨酸脱羧酶，后者催化谷氨酸合成 GABA。新合成的 GABA 在胆碱能突触中释放，并且大多数外周胆碱能突触接触都包含离子型和代谢型 GABA 受体。尽管释放的潜在分子机制尚未完全了解，但据推测 GABA 是通过 GABA 转运体的反向转运以囊泡和/或非囊泡方式释放的。我们还通过调节乙酰胆碱释放来综述 GABA 在周围胆碱能突触中的信号作用，但它的确切生理功能仍有待阐明。
