Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Laboratory of Diabetes and Islet Transplantation, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 May 20;13:884549. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.884549. eCollection 2022.
Neurotransmitters are signaling molecules secreted by neurons to coordinate communication and proper function among different sections in the central neural system (CNS) by binding with different receptors. Some neurotransmitters as well as their receptors are found in pancreatic islets and are involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Neurotransmitters can act with their receptors in pancreatic islets to stimulate or inhibit the secretion of insulin (β cell), glucagon (α cell) or somatostatin (δ cell). Neurotransmitter receptors are either G-protein coupled receptors or ligand-gated channels, their effects on blood glucose are mainly decided by the number and location of them in islets. Dysfunction of neurotransmitters receptors in islets is involved in the development of β cell dysfunction and type 2 diabetes (T2D).Therapies targeting different transmitter systems have great potential in the prevention and treatment of T2D and other metabolic diseases.
神经递质是神经元分泌的信号分子，通过与不同的受体结合，协调中枢神经系统（CNS）不同部位之间的通讯和正常功能。一些神经递质及其受体存在于胰岛中，参与葡萄糖稳态的调节。神经递质可以与胰岛中的受体相互作用，刺激或抑制胰岛素（β 细胞）、胰高血糖素（α 细胞）或生长抑素（δ 细胞）的分泌。神经递质受体要么是 G 蛋白偶联受体，要么是配体门控通道，它们对血糖的影响主要取决于它们在胰岛中的数量和位置。胰岛中神经递质受体功能障碍与β细胞功能障碍和 2 型糖尿病（T2D）的发生有关。针对不同递质系统的治疗方法在预防和治疗 T2D 及其他代谢性疾病方面具有巨大潜力。
