Department of Pharmacology, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov Street, 420012 Kazan, Russia.
Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory and Clinical Diagnostics, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov Street, 420012 Kazan, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Sep 3;21(17):6423. doi: 10.3390/ijms21176423.
A review of the data on the modulatory action of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), the main co-transmitter with acetylcholine, and adenosine, the final ATP metabolite in the synaptic cleft, on neuromuscular transmission is presented. The effects of these endogenous modulators on pre- and post-synaptic processes are discussed. The contribution of purines to the processes of quantal and non-quantal secretion of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft, as well as the influence of the postsynaptic effects of ATP and adenosine on the functioning of cholinergic receptors, are evaluated. As usual, the P2-receptor-mediated influence is minimal under physiological conditions, but it becomes very important in some pathophysiological situations such as hypothermia, stress, or ischemia. There are some data demonstrating the same in neuromuscular transmission. It is suggested that the role of endogenous purines is primarily to provide a safety factor for the efficiency of cholinergic neuromuscular transmission.
本文回顾了三磷酸腺苷（ATP）和腺苷这两种物质的调节作用，它们分别是乙酰胆碱的主要共递质和突触间隙中 ATP 的最终代谢产物。讨论了这些内源性调节剂对突触前和突触后过程的影响。评估了嘌呤对乙酰胆碱量子和非量子分泌到突触间隙的过程的贡献，以及 ATP 和腺苷的突触后效应对胆碱能受体功能的影响。通常情况下，在生理条件下，P2 受体介导的影响最小，但在一些病理生理情况下，如低温、应激或缺血，它变得非常重要。有一些数据表明在神经肌肉传递中也是如此。有人认为，内源性嘌呤的作用主要是为胆碱能神经肌肉传递的效率提供安全系数。
