Department of Primary and Community Care, Research group Intellectual Disabilities and Health, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Health Promot Int. 2020 Aug 1;35(4):661-670. doi: 10.1093/heapro/daz054.
People with intellectual disabilities (ID) depend on their environment for support to live healthily. The characteristics of healthy settings for people with ID are unknown. This study aims to conceptualize healthy settings for people with ID by conducting an international and multidisciplinary concept mapping study. As theoretical framework the settings approach, an ecological model with a whole system focus toward health promotion, was used. The integrative mixed-methods approach of this study involved concept mapping with researchers specialized in healthcare for people with ID and researchers specialized in healthy settings. The 41 participants generated statements that were later sorted and rated. Findings encompass 13 clusters relating to the social environment, the physical environment and societal preconditions. Specific factors of healthy settings for people with ID include: (i) universal design of the physical environment, (ii) the role of care professionals in the social environment to empower people with ID, (iii) possibilities for care providers to contribute to a health-promoting setting and (iv) preconditions that allow people to engage in society. These factors can be used in strategies to apply the approach in practice and give directions to put in place policies on developing enabling environments and decreasing health inequities.
智障人士（ID）依靠环境获得支持以实现健康生活。智障人士健康环境的特点尚不清楚。本研究旨在通过开展国际多学科概念映射研究来构思智障人士的健康环境。该研究采用了一种整体系统关注健康促进的生态模式——环境方法作为理论框架。本研究的综合混合方法包括有专门研究智障人士保健的研究人员和专门研究健康环境的研究人员参与的概念映射。41 名参与者生成了陈述，随后对这些陈述进行了分类和评价。研究结果包括与社会环境、物理环境和社会条件相关的 13 个聚类。智障人士健康环境的具体因素包括：（i）物理环境的通用设计，（ii）社会环境中护理专业人员赋予智障人士权力的作用，（iii）护理人员为促进健康的环境做出贡献的可能性，以及（iv）允许人们参与社会的前提条件。这些因素可用于实施该方法的策略，并为制定促进有利环境和减少健康不平等的政策指明方向。
