Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'L. Sacco', University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
J Med Virol. 2019 Oct;91(10):1707-1724. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25526. Epub 2019 Jul 12.
In the last decade, the phylogenetic approach is recurrent in molecular evolutionary analysis. On 12 May, 2019, about 2 296 213 papers are found, but typing "phylogeny" or "epidemiology AND phylogeny" only 199 804 and 20 133 are retrieved, respectively. Molecular epidemiology in infectious diseases is widely used to define the source of infection as so as the ancestral relationships of individuals sampled from a population. Coalescent theory and phylogeographic analysis have had scientific application in several, recent pandemic events, and nosocomial outbreaks. Hepatitis viruses and immunodeficiency virus (human immunodeficiency virus) have been largely studied. Phylogenetic analysis has been recently applied on Polyomaviruses so as in the more recent outbreaks due to different arboviruses type as Zika and chikungunya viruses discovering the source of infection and the geographic spread. Data on sequences isolated by the microorganism are essential to apply the phylogenetic tools and research in the field of infectious disease phylodinamics is growing up. There is the need to apply molecular phylogenetic and evolutionary methods in areas out of infectious diseases, as translational genomics and personalized medicine. Lastly, the application of these tools in vaccine strategy so as in antibiotic and antiviral researchers are encouraged.
在过去的十年中，系统发育方法在分子进化分析中反复出现。截至 2019 年 5 月 12 日，大约有 2296213 篇论文，但仅键入“系统发育”或“流行病学和系统发育”，分别检索到 199804 篇和 20133 篇。传染病的分子流行病学广泛用于定义感染源，以及从人群中采样的个体的祖先关系。 合并理论和系统地理学分析在最近的几次大流行事件和医院暴发中具有科学应用。 肝炎病毒和免疫缺陷病毒（人类免疫缺陷病毒）已得到广泛研究。 最近对多瘤病毒进行了系统发育分析，以及由于寨卡病毒和基孔肯雅病毒等不同的虫媒病毒引起的最近暴发，从而发现了感染源和地理传播。 有关微生物分离的序列数据对于应用系统发育工具以及传染病动力学领域的研究至关重要。 需要在传染病领域之外的领域应用分子系统发育和进化方法，例如转化基因组学和个性化医学。 最后，鼓励在疫苗策略以及抗生素和抗病毒研究人员中应用这些工具。
