National Exposure Research Laboratory , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Office of Research and Development, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive , Cincinnati , Ohio 45268 , United States.
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education , c/o Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive , Cincinnati , Ohio 45268 , United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2019 Jul 2;53(13):7203-7214. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b07270. Epub 2019 Jun 20.
Wetlands have the capacity to retain nitrogen and phosphorus and are thereby often considered a viable option for improving water quality at local scales. However, little is known about the cumulative influence of wetlands outside of floodplains, i.e., non-floodplain wetlands (NFWs), on surface water quality at watershed scales. Such evidence is important to meet global, national, regional, and local water quality goals effectively and comprehensively. In this critical review, we synthesize the state of the science about the watershed-scale effects of NFWs on nutrient-based (nitrogen, phosphorus) water quality. We further highlight where knowledge is limited in this research area and the challenges of garnering this information. On the basis of previous wetland literature, we develop emerging concepts that assist in advancing the science linking NFWs to watershed-scale nutrient conditions. Finally, we ask, "Where do we go from here?" We address this question using a 2-fold approach. First, we demonstrate, via example model simulations, how explicitly considering NFWs in watershed nutrient modeling changes predicted nutrient yields to receiving waters-and how this may potentially affect future water quality management decisions. Second, we outline research recommendations that will improve our scientific understanding of how NFWs affect downstream water quality.
湿地具有保留氮和磷的能力，因此常常被认为是改善当地水质的可行选择。然而，对于除洪泛平原外的湿地（即非洪泛平原湿地，NFWs）对流域尺度地表水水质的累积影响，人们知之甚少。这种证据对于有效和全面地实现全球、国家、地区和地方水质目标非常重要。在这篇重要的综述中，我们综合了有关 NFWs 对基于营养物（氮、磷）的水质的流域尺度影响的科学现状。我们进一步强调了该研究领域知识有限的地方，以及获取这些信息的挑战。基于以前的湿地文献，我们提出了一些新的概念，这些概念有助于推进将 NFWs 与流域尺度营养条件联系起来的科学。最后，我们提出了“我们下一步该怎么做？”这个问题。我们通过示例模型模拟来回答这个问题，展示了在流域养分建模中明确考虑 NFWs 如何改变对受纳水体的预测养分产量，以及这可能如何影响未来的水质管理决策。其次，我们概述了研究建议，这些建议将提高我们对 NFWs 如何影响下游水质的科学认识。
