Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Hong Kong.
Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering , University of Hawaii at Ma̅noa , 1955 East-West Road , Honolulu , Hawaii 96822 , United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2019 Jul 2;53(13):7234-7264. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01131. Epub 2019 Jun 18.
Antibiotics, the most frequently prescribed drugs of modern medicine, are extensively used for both human and veterinary applications. Antibiotics from different wastewater sources (e.g., municipal, hospitals, animal production, and pharmaceutical industries) ultimately are discharged into wastewater treatment plants. Sorption and biodegradation are the two major removal pathways of antibiotics during biological wastewater treatment processes. This review provides the fundamental insights into sorption mechanisms and biodegradation pathways of different classes of antibiotics with diverse physical-chemical attributes. Important factors affecting sorption and biodegradation behavior of antibiotics are also highlighted. Furthermore, this review also sheds light on the critical role of extracellular polymeric substances on antibiotics adsorption and their removal in engineered biological wastewater treatment systems. Despite major advancements, engineered biological wastewater treatment systems are only moderately effective (48-77%) in the removal of antibiotics. In this review, we systematically summarize the behavior and removal of different antibiotics in various biological treatment systems with discussion on their removal efficiency, removal mechanisms, critical bioreactor operating conditions affecting antibiotics removal, and recent innovative advancements. Besides, relevant background information including antibiotics classification, physical-chemical properties, and their occurrence in the environment from different sources is also briefly covered. This review aims to advance our understanding of the fate of various classes of antibiotics in engineered biological wastewater treatment systems and outlines future research directions.
抗生素是现代医学中最常用的药物，广泛应用于人类和兽医领域。不同废水来源（如市政、医院、动物生产和制药工业）的抗生素最终都会被排放到污水处理厂。在生物污水处理过程中，吸附和生物降解是抗生素的两种主要去除途径。本综述提供了对抗生素不同类别（具有不同物理化学特性）的吸附机制和生物降解途径的基本了解。还强调了影响抗生素吸附和生物降解行为的重要因素。此外，本综述还揭示了细胞外聚合物物质对抗生素吸附及其在工程化生物污水处理系统中的去除的关键作用。尽管取得了重大进展，但工程化生物污水处理系统对抗生素的去除效果仅为中等（48-77%）。在本综述中，我们系统地总结了不同生物处理系统中不同抗生素的行为和去除情况，讨论了它们的去除效率、去除机制、影响抗生素去除的关键生物反应器操作条件以及最近的创新进展。此外，还简要介绍了相关背景信息，包括抗生素的分类、物理化学性质以及它们在不同来源环境中的存在情况。本综述旨在增进我们对抗生素在工程化生物污水处理系统中各种类别的归宿的理解，并概述了未来的研究方向。
