Department of Dermatology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
Parasitic Disease Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
J Dermatol. 2019 Sep;46(9):791-793. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.15002. Epub 2019 Jun 27.
Cutaneous gnathostomiasis (CG) is a disease caused by ingestion of third-stage Gnathostoma larva in raw snakes, freshwater fish or frogs. The common causative organisms of CG in Japan include G. nipponicum, G. spinigerum, G. doloresi, G. binucleatum and G. hispidum. We report two cases of CG after eating many raw Japanese icefishes (Salangichthys microdon). In both cases, linear itchy eruptions on the trunk developed after eating many S. microdon. We performed genetic analysis in the first case, which revealed G. nipponicum. Of note, this is the first case of CG diagnosed based on genetic analysis in Japan. In Japan, eating whole small raw freshwater fish is common. The most popular types of raw small freshwater fish consumed in Japan are S. microdon (shirauo in Japanese) and Leucopsarion petersii (shirouo in Japanese). Usually, S. microdon are born in rivers, but live in both the sea and rivers. They feed on small fish and freshwater water fleas and spawn in rivers in the spring. On the other hand, L. petersii are born in rivers, but move to the sea soon after hatching. They feed on plankton such as copepod in the sea. They do not feed on anything when they return to rivers to spawn in the spring. Therefore, we hypothesize that S. microdon are more easily parasitized by G. nipponicum.
皮肤颚口线虫病（CG）是一种因生食蛇、淡水鱼或青蛙中的第三期颚口线虫幼虫而引起的疾病。在日本，CG 的常见病原体包括棘颚口线虫、棘带颚口线虫、多棘颚口线虫、双齿颚口线虫和赫氏颚口线虫。我们报告了两例食用大量生日本银鱼（Salangichthys microdon）后发生 CG 的病例。在这两例病例中，食用大量 S. microdon 后，躯干出现线性瘙痒性皮疹。我们对首例病例进行了基因分析，结果显示为棘颚口线虫。值得注意的是，这是日本首例基于基因分析诊断的 CG 病例。在日本，食用整个生的小型淡水鱼很常见。在日本，最受欢迎的生小型淡水鱼种类是日本银鱼（日语：シラウオ）和日本七鳃鳗（日语：シラサエビ）。通常，日本银鱼在河流中出生，但在海洋和河流中都有生存。它们以小鱼和淡水水蚤为食，并在春季于河流中产卵。另一方面，日本七鳃鳗在河流中出生，但孵化后很快就会游入海洋。它们以海洋中的桡足类等浮游生物为食。在春季返回河流产卵时，它们不吃任何东西。因此，我们假设日本银鱼更容易被棘颚口线虫感染。
